Keeping the body balance is one of the most important objectives of a person in relation to the environment. For this objective are working together the locomotion system, the nervous system and the sensing organs. Because of its importance there are a lot of published papers on the body balance subject.

Most of the published papers are using statistical instruments on some test results. These mentioned results are obtained applying gait equilibrium tests, using test platforms, on groups of human subjects. We preferred to make a model of balance function, using affordable hardware and software instruments and verify it on theoretical cases to be applied in future practice for real cases.

First, we taken the general feedforward mathematical model of three excitable cells, available in other published papers and then applied it to the interconnecting architecture of neurons inside cerebellum. We simulated the mathematical model obtained for the cerebellum, for some theoretical parameters, in MATLAB, resulting in a set of curves for a set of optimized parameters. We realized a simulation schematic in LTSpice with user defined blocks for neurons and synapses, already published in recent papers, and parametrized them using the optimized parameters obtained after the simulations in MATLAB. We simulated disturbances using the simulation schematic in LTSpice and verified that the results were according with the reality, adjusting the parameters.

Our paper gives us the opportunity to confirm some of the known facts about the nervous system but also to meet into discussion some characteristics with which we were not aware of. Improving the simulation elements and adding some calculus power only the imagination could be the limit of the number of simulated situations.

Field Effect Transistors with Graphene (G-FETs) seem to be a serious candidate, as alternative to the traditional MOSFET transistors, benefiting from small dimensions, sometimes devices created on a single atomic layer, but accompanied by higher currents than in silicon, as the literature reported.

Therefore, the G-FETs simulation represents a strong tool to develop this device area. The most reputable device simulation software is Silvaco (Athena, Atlas). How-ever, in the libraries of this software does not exist graphene, as a semiconductor material. However, graphene is a 2-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, arranged in hexagonal shape, a configuration similar to the diamond. Therefore, the first G-FET transistor simulated in this work will use diamond with all its intrinsic properties.

This work presents the development of a simulation tool, designed to study the impact of physical activity and lifestyle on the health of young adults. The implemented solution produces synthetic physiological signals, such as ECG, EDA, and skin temperature, based on personalised profiles provided by the user. The system integrates a specific regression model for each bi-osignal, geographical route simulation, and interactive visualisations that en-able contextualised analysis of physiological and emotional patterns. The tool was designed to support teaching, prototyping, and research activities in biomedicine. The results were represented in time graphs and interactive maps, allowing observation of the evolution of the signals along the simulat-ed paths. The validity of the signals produced was confirmed through model performance tests, with metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE). The results obtained reinforce the physiological plausibility of the simulated signals and the applicability of the system in real digital health contexts.

Obtaining diagnostic material from small pulmonary lesions remains a persistent barrier to early-stage lung cancer diagnosis. Contemporary diagnostic pathways increasingly rely on bronchoscopy techniques and computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle sampling; however, limited cellularity, obscuring blood, variable smear thickness and other artifacts can compromise both rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) and downstream classification. This manuscript describes a rapid, ethanol-based liquid preparation that is intended to standardize slide cellular distribution, reduce obscuring background, and generate two complementary cytology slides from minimal sample volume. Immediately after sample acquisition, one to three drops of aspirate or collected material are introduced into a 10 mL ethanol-based preservation vial. Using an F50 filtration device, half of the preserved suspension is processed onto a first slide; the slide is removed approximately 20 seconds after initiation and immediately stained with Diff-Quik or a rapid Papanicolaou (PAP) variant to support ROSE. The remaining suspension is processed in the same manner onto a second slide, which is placed directly into ethanol for subsequent PAP staining and further evaluation. Representative images demonstrate preservation of diagnostic cytomorphology across benign, reactive, and malignant lung cytology categories, including lymphocyte-rich inflammatory backgrounds, macrophage-predominant specimens, atypical epithelial populations, squamous cell carcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma. The workflow is designed to reduce preparation-to-preparation variability and to provide consistent, interpretable slides in settings where tissue acquisition is challenging and time is constrained. Future prospective studies should quantify adequacy, diagnostic concordance, and suitability for ancillary testing within standardized lung cytopathology reporting frameworks.

Background: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the cornerstone for triaging thyroid nodules and diagnosing thyroid malignancy. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) can reduce non-diagnostic sampling and repeat procedures while it is resource-intensive, with increased labor demands at a time when many health systems face constraints in pathology staffing and distribution.

Objective: To describe and preliminarily evaluate a label-free computational microscopy workflow for thyroid FNA ROSE that couples standardized cytology smear preparation with quantitative phase imaging (QPI), enabling immediate digital review without chemical stains.

Methods: Unstained cytology smears were imaged with a proprietary computational microscope that reconstructs quantitative phase maps and renders diagnostically interpretable cytology-like images. Matched slides were stained with Diff-Quik for qualitative comparison.

Results: Label-free QPI images preserved key cytomorphologic information (cellularity, architectural patterns, nuclear-to-cytoplasmic relationships and background characteristics) relevant to adequacy assessment and preliminary categorization.

Conclusions: A stain-free QPI workflow on conventional cytology smear preparations for thyroid FNA may support rapid adequacy assessment and tele-enabled ROSE while preserving material for ancillary studies. Further prospective validation with larger cohorts and quantitative performance metrics are warranted.

The article presents a comparative study of two practical implementations of elec-tronic circuits for transferring photovoltaic energy from photovoltaic panels into electrical energy. The initial energy source is sunlight which is converted by pho-tovoltaic panels into electrical energy. First, the efficiency of solar panels repre-sents the amount of sunlight that a panel can convert into electricity and is de-pendent on the type of photovoltaic panels, namely on silicon or polysilicon sub-strate, on the manufacturing technology and is typical for general purpose solar panels in the range from 20% to 25%. The efficiency of the conversion system is defined by the amount of energy harvested from the solar panels relative to the amount of electrical energy delivered to the consumer (load), which can be im-proved by techniques such as the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algo-rithm.

The power management unit is an essential assembly in precision applications where reference voltages with increased accuracy are required. The design of these circuits is a challenge, especially when it comes to the automotive field, where supply voltages can vary significantly (between 3.3 and 40 V).

The power management unit consists of a voltage reference, a voltage stabilizer, a bias circuit, a monitoring block and a pre-stabilizer with buffer.

The article presents the design, optimization and implementation of the bandgap voltage reference circuit that must provide a stable and accurate reference voltage, independent of process variations with temperature and supply voltage.

To reduce process variations, bipolar transistors were used because they have low variations with the manufacturing process. The base-emitter voltage of these transistors is approximately 0.6V at room temperature (27°C) independent of transistor dimensions or doping. In contrast, the threshold voltage of a MOS transistor is influenced by the thickness of the oxide layer, its quality, as well as the concentration of impurities present in both the transistor channel and the pol-ysilicon gate. For the implementation of the circuit at the schematic and layout level, the Virtuoso Schematic Editor and Virtuoso Layout Suite programs provid-ed by Cadence were used.