In the present study, a method for sulfide control in sewer systems based on electrchemical oxidation of iron electrodes in the wastewater stream is presened. Both short term laboratory experiments and long term pilot scale experiments have been conducted. The experiments show that the electrochemical oxidation of iron electrodes produce ferrous iron at the anode, which effectively precipitates dissolved hydrogen sulfide. At the same time, alkalinity is generated at the cathode thereby increasing the efficiency of the precipitation process while at the same time making any remaining sulfide less volatile.

• Operation of odor control systems was improved using ventilation and process models.
• Improvements also led to a reduction of estimated corrosion rates.

- Presenting novel phase portrait methodology collecting evidence of waste water network blockages

- Novel methodology implemented on blockage case study made with Astlingen hydraulic model

- Integration of this method with control theory makes an automated blockage detection algorithm

An engine for water quality simulations of pulse loads in sewer systems was developed

The engine was used to generate synthetic water quality data of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in order to evaluate sampling strategies regarding their suitability for upstream sewer sampling

The evaluation included consistency of the results, their correlation with the number of infected in the catchment and representation of the catchment

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been found in infected symptomatic and asymptomatic patients’ secretions and showed that human wastewater monitoring has the potential to act as a sensitive surveillance system. Passive samplers have shown to be an effective technique for wastewater surveillance however more needs to be known about their adsorption and desorption kinetics. This study showed that electronegative cellulose nitrate membrane followed a linear adsorption relationship and had a slow desorption for up to 7 days since first exposed to the virus. More work is needed to understand the factors influencing these relationships.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created a demand for simple and cost-effective ways to monitor the health of populations. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a monitoring approach that has gained wide acceptance in recent years. However, the complexity of the wastewater system makes the interpretation of the collected data particularly difficult. The PHES-ODM data model was designed to record and organize all variables of interest for a public health measurement campaign to support data exploration and interpretation. The case of Québec province SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is used to demonstrate how this model can be used to create a structured, reusable data pipeline.

• This study aims to model the dissolved oxygen in an urban drain in Thane City in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India using EPAs WASP model v 8.32. Field measurements of DO and dye tracing measurements using rhodamine WT (water tracer) dye were carried out to determine the longitudinal dispersion coefficient. The findings of this study provide key data and predictive model for robust assessment of water quality in urban drains during dry weather and monsoon rainfall conditions.

For the SCOREWater project a comprehensive scheme of monitoring the sewage network in Barcelona, Spain, was set up. Online monitoring stations are continuously measuring the quality and quantity of wastewater streams from three districts with different socio-economic backgrounds. Additionally, refrigerated autosamplers are taking samples which are later analyzed in the lab.

The network includes partners ranging from public bodies operating the sewage network of Barcelona to public health organizations and public research centers focusing on scientific criteria of sewer epidemiology, artificial intelligence and socioeconomic aspects and is rounded of by policy makers for waste disposal and equipment manufacturers.

Characterizing the representative sewage quality by the sewage grab sampling as preliminary survey is essential for sewerage development in Southeast Asian countries. In this study, effects of the number of sampling days (N_day) and the number of samples per day (N_sample/day) on the representativeness of grab sampling were discussed with a modeled grab sampling. Increasing N_day contributed to the convergence of the range of relative errors for both conductivity and turbidity. Moreover, increasing N_sample/day would be effective to increase the representativeness of the suspended matter sample. The findings are expected to contribute on the development of appropriate sewage sampling methodology.

Collaboration with NYC Parks has identified two competing methods for measuring subwatershed area. The first, a program called Arc Hydro, is a common geospatial model for hydrology that operates within ArcGIS. While Arc Hydro delineates subwatershed boundaries, it requires specialized training and hydraulic data. The second method for drawing subwatersheds is to simply use the standard ArcGIS tools in tandem with elevation data. To compare the benefits of each approach, we delineated subwatersheds for eight of New York City’s parks using the two models. This paper will help point land managers towards the appropriate measurement tool for differing subwatershed situations.

• Implementation of CENTAUR local RTC system to reduce urban flood risk
• Evaluation of the system performance by using real time operational field data and InfoWorks modelling.
• Effectiveness of RTC in reducing urban flood risk is considered.

CSO are among challenging urban wet weather discharges to manage. They convey contaminated combined sewer waters without any treatment leading to huge impacts on riverine environment. The Device for Stormwater and combined sewer flows Monitoring and the control of pollutant fluxes (DSM-flux) represents a new pre-calibrated and pre-designed device to monitor and control the quantity and the quality of CSO, as well as to trap sediments conveyed in these overflows. A Node biosensor has been intalled in the DSM-flux to monitor BOD. Results demontrate that coupling DSM-flux with biosensor such as Node supports the regulation of CSO for water authorities.

The Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) developed by the US EPA, is a well-established software in the field of urban drainage modelling. So far, SWMM does not provide direct import functions for geodata, although the required information regarding sewer networks and catchment characteristics is usually available as geospatial data. To date, there are mainly script-based open source approaches (e.g. R, python) to convert geodata into an input file for swmm. We want to present an open-source QGIS-plugin that enables the export of geodata (layers, files) to input files for SWMM as well as the import of existing input files into QGIS.

Monitoring continuously pollution in the urban drainage system is challenging. Traditional approaches such as sampling campaigns or spectrometric probes have limitations. Using a hyperspectral imaging system to measure light reflection spectra of the wastewater surface is a promising approach for non-contact online measurement of pollution. We acquired hyperspectral data-cube from 18 synthetic wastewater samples. After pre-processing and pixel selection, a cross-validation partial-least square regression was used to predict turbidity (R²=0.923). Further research is planned before the SPN10 to improve the measurement, generate and analyse more data, and explore other indicators such as organic pollution.

• The MS²field, an automated transportable HRMS platform, allows real-time measurement of dissolved organic micropollutants with a temporal resolution of 20 minutes.
• The MS²field was adapted to be applied at combined sewer overflows and tested during a four-month field campaign.
• Results show high temporal variation in concentration of polar organic micropollutants.

Accumulation of floating solids (such as plastics, fat, oil and grease) in wastewater pump sumps is a relevant cause of malfunctioning, loss of efficiency and frequent maintenance activities. Recently, we developed a deep-learning based solution to automatically monitor the surface dynamics of floating layers in wastewater pumping stations. We present here the application of this technique to 7 pumping stations (6 in the Netherlands and 1 in France) representative of different urban drainage systems.

Sensors used for wastewater flow measurements are robust and expensive pieces of hardware that must be maintained regularly to function in the hazardous environment of sewers. Remote sensing can remedy these issues. We utilize off‐the‐shelf cameras and convolutional neural networks to extract the water level and surface velocity from camera images directly, without the need for artificial markers in the sewage stream. In a laboratory setting, our method estimates the water level with an accuracy of ±2.48% and the surface velocity with an accuracy of ±2.08% —a performance comparable to other state‐of‐the‐art solutions.

Highlights

• Eight categories of defects were identified in 2700 sewer pipes in Auckland, New Zealand based on recent CCTV inspection reports.
• The correlation between eight defect categories and several physical and environmental factors, including age and groundwater level were investigated.
• Statistically significant relationships were found between defect categories and factors that provide new insights into the drivers of deterioration processes in sewer pipes.

This article introduces the theory and practical application of sewer drone in inspection of large sewers and special engineering structures. Important parameters about sewer drone regarding optimal flying conditions are given and the procedures of post processing of data collected during drone flghts are described. In addition, possibilities as well as limitations in the use of drone for sewer inspection are discussed. With the rapid advance of technology, it can be anticipated in the near future that more possibilites in drone inspection can be exploited as additional support to the conventional sewer inspection methods.

• The Berlin Fennsee is suffering from surface water quality issues probably related to illicit connections to storm sewers in the area.
• In a stepwise approach, a network of electrical conductivity (EC) sensors was first deployed to identify hotspot areas that likely contain illicit connections.
• In a second step, Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) was used in one hotspot area to identify the exact location of an illicit connection with multiple discharges per day.

This pilot project demonstrates the use of a novel 3D scanning technology, based on electric tomography and applied from the surface, for identifying and locating underground sewer leaks. As the scans also reveal different soil types and the position of the pipelines, they can reveal the reasons causing pipeline leaks, such as gradual soil movements. Moreover, the aim is to assess the performance, replicability and scalability of the technology for mapping risk areas in large scale. In this pilot a pipeline of 2.5 km was scanned in varying terrain, including across a creek and under a paved road.

Foodwaste disposers provide a disposal route for consumers that could contribute to circular economy opportunities. This eliminates handling of foodwaste and makes use of existing anaerobic digestion facilities at many treatment works. During in-sewer transport organic matter is utilised by heterotrophic microorganisms. The amount of organic matter that will be turned into CO₂ during in-sewer transport needs to be estimated to understand the energy recovery potential. A mass balance can be used to estimate how much anaerobic digestion can be boosted by foodwaste. The presented experiments determine the COD of food waste and the rate of in-sewer degredation.

The paper discusses results of the long-term monitoring of a full-scale pilot installation of a modular blue roof (BR) for the control of the runoff from the roof terrace of a building in the campus of the University of Catania (Italy). The BR was installed in one catchment of the rooftop while another symmetrical catchment was left unmodified and monitored to allow comparison. Results of the analysis have shown average 54% retention efficiency and 72% detention efficiency of the BR. The BR always overperformed the conventional roof, with mean 34% runoff reduction and mean 60% flow peak attenuation.

We present a framework based on WaterHub, MINUHET and SWMM-HEAT that enables thermal-hydraulic simulations from household inflows to the wastewater resource recovery facility. We validate the framework with real-world data across seasons and precipitation events. In addition, we analyse how decentralized heat recovery devices impact wastewater temperatures at the WRRF during precipitation events.

Data for the proper development of urban drainage models is not always available or accessible. To overcome this, several approaches have focused on generating virtual UDNs with similar properties as real systems. However, they are not adequate to analyze local processes (e.g. urban flooding), since they generate systems with generic layouts or properties. In this context, the present work focuses on developing a tool to automatically generate and design more realistic sewer networks based on open access data. Results suggest that the tool is able to generate drainage systems with realistic hydraulic and spatial characteristics

In this long-term study students’ accommodation in the Technion were monitored through wastewater surveillance. Results were used to create a ‘traffic-light’ scheme allowing the Technion’s COVID-19 committee to follow the COVID-19 spread in the campus. 87.4% of the samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA while 11.5% were positive, corroborating morbidity information the COVID-19 committee had. 1.1% of the samples were positive, while the committee had no information about positive students. In these events, new cases were identified after students were tested for COVID-19. The study emphasises the importance of wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 monitoring, and as an early warning system.

Wastewater surveillance or wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) for SARS-CoV-2 has seen a rapid development since early 2020. Several authors have attempted to model the incidence data derived from the number of positive tests in formal testing facilities, using sewer data. In this abstract, we describe the research performed aiming to derive Omicron shedding rates based on sewer and incidence data.

• Passive sampling was an effective tool for detecting a range of pathogens in sewage.
• Passive samplers have been progressively optimized for wastewater-based epidemiology.
• Results of SARS-CoV-2 provide another step for promising applications of the passive sampler.

The ability of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) to mitigate Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) is often studied through a catchment-scale modeling approach. Simulation accuracy depends on field data such as catchment and sub-catchment boundaries, and sewer system characteristics. The present study proposes a methodology for (sub-)catchment delineation depending on the available geographic information data. Four scenarios with increasing complexity of input data are proposed and tested in different urban catchments, followed by hydrological modeling to compare flow dynamics. Current results show a better estimation of total runoff volume when topography is available, even if the sewer network plans are unknown

Most of hydrological models do not consider sewer effect on transport and fate of water and pollutants, respectively, and thus they have limited applicability in urban area with complicated sewer system. The BANPOL model was developed to strengthen water quality modelling capacity of SWMM especially for pervious area and also in the sewer or channel. The model also can provide boundary condition for dynamic surface water quality model such as EFDC while original SWMM only provides information on independent water quality variables. The model was successfully calibrated for flow rate and water quality in an urban stream

I was told by Mr. Konig to upload a .pdf version of my abstract. Why is there no option to do that? Also, the website explains that two page abstracts will be accepted. the 100 words allowed here is not two pages.

- Multi data type used for calibration: sensor and samples; minute, daily and yearly frequencies.

- Development of a specific multivariate-based aeration controller for activated sludge.

- A decision support tool identifying receiving water quality impacts of management decisions.

We performed continuous measurements of noble gases in sewers for the first time used a novel portable mass spectrometer. A case study regarding using noble gases as tracers to estimate groundwater infiltration showed the potentials of using miniRuedi on urban drainage tracing studies. Although the technology looks very promising in general, infiltration assessment is impacted by unknown boundary conditions, such as gas dilution in the headspace/ventilation.

Historical data collected from a sewer network covering a town with a population of about 50k, with 180 km of predominantly combined sewers is analysed to understand potential causes of incidents, such as blockage and flooding, on the network. For this purpose, Machine Learning (ML) models are developed to identify the major relationships between different elements of the system, and then estimate the risk of incidents through quantifying the identified relationships. This risk relationship can be used to plan pro-active inspection of pipes to reduce the likelihood of failures occurring.

The topology of Sanitary Sewer Networks (SSNs) can play an influential role in the occurrence and magnitude of operational failures such as blockages and basements flooding. It could be argued that the spatial behaviour of operational failures may be related to the topology of SSNs. This article explored this argument by investigating the spatial association between the location of recurrent blockages and influential nodes within the network topology using centrality measures and the network cross-K-function. Results from a preliminary application to the SSN of one municipality (total network length 500 km, »40 people/km) using its historical blockage data are presented.

• Establishment of an innovative imaged based experimental set up for the quantification of sewer solids transport and transformation processes.
• Erosion was found as the major disintegration process of faeces. The erosion rate increased with the increase of flow velocity and water content of the solid.
• The minimum flow velocity from which the solids were stationary and hardly disintegrated was 0.22 m/s, highlighting the potential of implementing water efficient solutions.

Generating new insight from existing data is a major cornerstone of the scientific process. Re-using existing observations with a fresh idea, possibly including complementary datasets, may answer questions that the initial investigators did not even consider. Unfortunately, in the urban drainage area only very few Open Research Datasets (ORD) exist. Reusing observations in our field is challenging, among other things, because the required meta-data, e.g. on sensor calibration and maintenance, are lacking. In this contribution, we critically review some examples of urban drainage ORD. We find that bottlenecks are mostly concerned with the interoperability and the reusability of the data.

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is one of the most common gases encountered in gravity sewers. It causes odour nuisance and is also dangerous for humans. It can have serious consequences on the health of sewage workers. In this paper a nature-based solution favouring the release of H2S and its filtration in an original channel is proposed and is evaluated through CFD modelling approach.The proposed channel operates in a proper way. The hydraulic jump increases the turbulent kinetic energy leading to the massive release of H2S. Then natural ventilation directs the air to the filter.

In order to prevent corrosion in the collection system and prevent public complaints caused by nuisance odours, water utilities use chemicals to mitigate hydrogen sulfide (H2S). By dynamically adjusting the chemical dosing rate to match real-time liquid-phase H2S concentrations from an online sensor, the effectiveness of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) dosing at the end-of-pipe improved while chemical consumption dropped by 50%.

The city of Aarhus, Denmark, with its 400,000 PE and its 1,632 km of sewers, experiences odour and corrosion problems. These have intensified over the last decades as wastewater treatment has been centralized, combined systems converted to separate ones, and water consumption has declined. In this presentation, a catchment-wide measuring campaign of pH and dissolved H₂S gas (using SulfiLogger^TM) is presented, and benefits and issues related to the approach discussed. Finally, the applicability for calibrating a sewer process model, Mega-WATS, is touched on.

• A generally-applicable approach was developed to identify potential locations where sediment accumulation occur based on sewer network hydrodynamics.
• Sewer network thermodynamics were used to simulate sewer temperature patterns from which sediment accumulation could be estimated.
• The combination of previous analyses led to an effective strategy for determining the deployment of sediment accumulation monitoring devices.

Predicting sediment transport at urban catchment scale is a challenge. In this study we aimed to validated a new simplified approach to simulate sediment transport in a stormwater network. We used turbidity and discharge data measured at the outlet of a small urban catchment in Dresden, Germany. The high-resolution data was useful for calibration and validation of the couple model developed using the new approach. The representation of the mobilisation of sediments in the stormwater network was significantly improved. This simplified approach allows a more accurate prediction of the total transported mass of sediments during a rainfall event.

We reviewed the various definitions of First Flush (FF) investigated in the last half century.

We applied the different FF definitions to a high-resolution dataset of 363 events.

We showed that First Flush is observed in only a minor fraction of the observed events, highlighting the environmental risks using the FF concept for pollution control.

In Austria and Germany many sewer operators want to turn from mandatory interval-based cleaning and inspection to demand-based cleaning and condition-based inspection strategies. This requires new tools and technologies. So-called manhole-zoom cameras have been developed for a quick view into sewers. The novel aspect of that approach is the combination of a demand-based cleaning strategy with a condition-based inspection strategy by using alternative inspection tools. To conclude the new approach is promising for optimization of operational issues in sewer management and should be implemented in sewer utilities.

HydroSpin ist ein Wasseroberflächenkontrollgerät (WSCD), das in CSO-Kammern installiert und entwickelt wurde, um das Einleiten von Schwimmfähigen in aufnehmende Gewässer zu reduzieren. HydroSpin induziert einen Wirbelstrom, der eingehende Floatables in Richtung des nachgeschalteten Abwasserkanals (Auslass) leitet. Dieses System wird ausschließlich durch den Abwasserstrom mit Strom versorgt, so dass keine Stromversorgung erforderlich ist.

In dieser Studie wurden sowohl Labortests als auch numerische Modellierungen durchgeführt, um den Einfluss von sich ändernden Wasserständen und installierten Durchflussreglern auf die Effizienz des HydroSpin-Systems zu untersuchen. Aus diesen Untersuchungen werden mögliche technische Anpassungen des Systems abgeleitet.

Real Time Control (RTC) can improve the functioning of a sewer system and real-time optimisation tends to function best. However, for larger system, this optimisation-based, global form of control cannot always be applied due to computational limitations. Dynamically selecting the most relevant actuators for optimisation and thereby reducing the search space and model complexity is presented here as an effective potential: combining heuristic and model predictive control in a dynamic policy. This method was compared to a full-system MPC and shown only minor efficacy loss, whilst allowing for faster convergence to an optimal set op actuator settings.

Stormwater runoff from urban areas can contain a large number of micropollutants. Within the Austrian TEMPEST project, volume-proportional annual composite samples were to be generated in order to be able to make a metrological estimation of the discharged annual micropollutant loads in the investigated sewer systems. The sampling strategy chosen, the experience gained during sampling and the results obtained from sampling in a combined and in a stormwater sewer in the TEMPEST investigation area South in Graz, Austria are described and discussed in this paper.

This study used SourceTracker (ST) to compare the proportion of contamination from raw sewage and animal faeces in recreational water, using the universal V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (MC) versus the Bacteroides specific 16 rRNA gene (BC). Positive correlation found between E.coli concentration and raw sewage contamination using Bacteroides communities (BC) as a fingerprint. Using BC, a higher faecal contamination attribution was observed than by using MC. These results have increased the capacity of ST for microbial source tracking, which is crucial for its possible implementation in management and mitigation strategies activities by public health authorities.

An innovative low-cost sampler is developed which can be easily installed in the sewage network to take time-weighted composite samples. The sampler can fulfil different sampling requirements by uploading a custom program to the Arduino based sampler. After the comparison between the innovative low-cost sampler and the traditional autosampler, the results showed that the innovative low-cost sampler is able to provide a reliable result in bacteria indicators (E.coli and Enterococci) and specific virus (SARS-CoV-2). In this case, the innovative low-cost sampler can be applied in wastewater sampling projects for high spatially distributed sewage sampling.

Highlights

• Effects of climate change- causing extreme hydrological events- increases occurences of urban floods.
• Floodwater contains potentially dangerous levels of disease causing pathogenic bacteria,
• Lab and field work, along with flow cytometry and next generation DNA sequencing used to determine the behaviour of pathogens and their mobility and movement in urban soils.

The monitoring of urban waste and stormwater systems is fundimental to the assesment of their health and functionality. Current commercial solutions for monitoring water depth and velocity are expensive and labour intensive to install. New low-cost sensing technologies achieve orders of magnitude improvements in deployment labour and costs, enabling monitoring of waterways at a higher resolution than previously feasible. Here we present the development and characterisation of a field-ready radar depth and velocity sensor. We find that the sensor presents a linear response with error in the gradient of less than 6% and 4% for velocity and depth respectively.