Conference Agenda
The conference agenda provides an overview and details of sessions. In order to view sessions on a specific day or for a certain room, please select an appropriate date or room link. You may also select a session to explore available abstracts and download papers and presentations.
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Session Overview |
Date: Monday, 19/Mar/2018 | ||||||
00-21: Disclaimer Please note that this a draft program. The sessions below are still subject to changes in time and location at the discretion of the conference organizers. | ||||||
Posters on display all day | ||||||
MC Atrium | ||||||
9:30am - 10:30am | 00-01: Improving generation & access to land related data from different sources Session Chair: Tim Fella, ESRI, United States of America | |||||
Preston Auditorium | ||||||
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Using high resolution imagery to reliably generate building footprints at scale: Current technology and potential applications DigitalGlobe, United States of America to be filled Linking building footprints with cadastral and tax data in Lusaka: Implications for Zambia and beyond 1World Bank, United States of America; 2Ministry of Land and Natural Resources, Zambia to be filled
Urban Thematic Exploitation Platform - Supporting Sustainable Urban Development with Big Data from Space European Space Agency (ESA) & The World Bank, United States of America to be filled
New Opportunities for Using the Cloud to Improve Data Access and Analysis World Bank, United States of America Cloud for Development project.
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10:30am - 11:00am | Coffee Break: Coffee Break | |||||
Front Lobby and Preston Lounge | ||||||
11:00am - 12:30pm | 00-02: Combining data from different sources to quantify benefits from land interventions Session Chair: Innocent Matshe, African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Kenya | |||||
Preston Auditorium | ||||||
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Integrating Mapping into Household Surveys World Bank, United States of America Survey Solutions is free CAPI software developed in the Survey Unit of DECDG to speed up the process of survey data collection, improve data quality and cut survey costs. The project aims to build capacity in developing countries by providing institutions involved in data collection with cost-effective, sustainable solution for conducting complex, large-scale surveys. The software combines powerful functionality for data capturing on tablets with tools for survey management and cloud data aggregation. Survey Solutions was used in more than 1000 national surveys in 114 countries around the world. Please visit Survey Solutions websites and youtube channel for more information: http://support.mysurvey.solutions http://www.worldbank.org/capi https://www.youtube.com/c/SurveySolutionsCAPI
Fiscal and Productivity Losses from Inaccurate Land Rights in Malawi World Bank, United States of America to be filled
Monitoring Performance and Impact of Sustainable Land Management projects in Ethiopia World Bank, United States of America to be filled
Assessing the size of informal land cultivation and shadow market for agricultural commodities in Ukraine 1University of Kent/ KEI at KSE, United Kingdom; 2Stategeocadastre, Ukraine to be filled | |||||
12:30pm - 2:00pm | Lunch: Lunch | |||||
Front Lobby and Preston Lounge | ||||||
2:00pm - 3:30pm | 00-03: Using land use data to predict differences in poverty: New evidence and implications for policy Session Chair: Roy Van der Weide, The World Bank, United States of America | |||||
Preston Auditorium | ||||||
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Using spatial data to generate small area estimates of poverty and population: Initial lessons The World Bank, United States of America to be filleed
Generating a Global Map of Sub-national Poverty Estimates The World Bank, United States of America to be filled
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 00-04: Can block chains strengthen tenure security and facilitate service delivery? Session Chair: Sigrid Johannisse, Embassy of the Netherlands, United States of America webex | |||||
MC 2-800 | ||||||
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Block Chains and Smart Contracts Maastricht University, Netherlands, The Block chains in the Netherlands Dutch Cadastre, Land Registry and Mapping Agency (Kadaster), Netherlands, The Development of cadastral system in Ukraine: blockchain initiatives Stategeocadastre, Ukraine | |||||
2:00pm - 3:30pm | 00-05: Review white paper land administration data standardization Session Chair: Cornelis de Zeeuw, Kadaster, Netherlands, The | |||||
MC 13-121 | ||||||
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Opening remarks OGC, United States of America Open Geospatial Consortium Draft White Paper on Land Administration 1Kadaster and University of Twente, The Netherlands; 2Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; 3University of Melbourne, Australia; 4Kadaster, The Netherlands | |||||
3:30pm - 4:15pm | Coffee Break | |||||
Front Lobby and Preston Lounge | ||||||
4:30pm - 6:00pm | 00-11: Conference Opening: Cities, Land Use and Property Rights Session Chair: Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez, The World Bank, United States of America | |||||
Preston Auditorium | ||||||
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Cities, Land Use and Property Rights Harvard University, United States of America Please include an abstract
Discussant Cities Alliance, Brazil ...
Discussant UN-HABITAT, Kenya ..
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4:35pm - 6:00pm | Overflow Room | |||||
Overflow rooms: Preston Lounge; MC13-121 |
Date: Tuesday, 20/Mar/2018 | |||||||||||||
8:00am - 6:00pm | Posters on display all day; Presenters available 12-2 PM and 5.30-6 PM or contact by email | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
8:30am - 10:00am | 01-01: How to encourage producer-level companies to address land tenure risks? Session Chair: Chloe Christman, Oxfam America, United States of America | ||||||||||||
Preston Auditorium | |||||||||||||
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Implementation of Land Rights Commitments Through Suppliers PepsiCo, United States of America To be A Multi-stakeholder Approach to Addressing Land Tenure Risk Through the Supply Chain Rights and Resources Initiative, United States of America To be. Opportunities in Private Sector Engagement and Action on Land Rights Indigenous Peoples Major Group for the SDGs, United States of America to be filled Implementing Land Rights Commitments Across Company Operations Landesa, United States of America to be filled | ||||||||||||
8:30am - 10:00am | 01-02: Land policies to improve Ukraine's local governance & economic performance Session Chair: Anthony A. Gaeta, The World Bank, United States of America VC connection Ukr | ||||||||||||
MC 13-121 | |||||||||||||
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Harnessing Ukraine's Economic Potential through Open Land Markets: Current Status and Next Steps Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food, Ukraine, Ukraine, Ukraine to be filled
Capitalizing on Land Reform's Investment Potential by Ensuring Credit Access for Small Farmers: Challenges and Prospects World Bank, United States of America to be filled
Legal and Administrative Measures to Protect Land Rights against Multiple Challenges Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, Ukraine to be filled Using Monitoring Results to Take Ukraine's Land Governance to the Next Level State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre, Ukraine to be filled
Linking Land Cadaster and Registry of Rights: Institutional Challenges and Technical Solutions State Enterprise "National Information Systems", Ukraine to be filled
Helping Ukraine complete its journey towards transparency in the land sector 1World Bank, United States of America; 2University of Kent/ KEI at KSE, United Kingdom to be filled
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8:30am - 10:00am | 01-03: Land governance and poverty alleviation in China Session Chair: Pushpam Kumar, UNEP, Kenya | ||||||||||||
MC 2-800 | |||||||||||||
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A New Wave of Land Reforms in China: Conceptual Issues, Initial Evidence, and Avenues for Future Research Zhejiang University, China, People's Republic of to be filled
Targeted Poverty Alleviation in China since 2013: Central Government’s Plan and Typical Local Practices Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, China, People's Republic of to be filled Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Land Policy Innovation in China: From Theory to Practices Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, People's Republic of to be filled | ||||||||||||
8:30am - 10:00am | 01-04: Raising Awareness and Supporting Land Networks Session Chair: Stephanie Burgos, Oxfam America, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 6-860 | |||||||||||||
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Improving land governance and increasing women’s access and control over land through collective actions – the case of Pernambuco Espaço Feminista, Brazil The paper will examine how the organization Espaço Feminista (Brazil) and partners are building a movement that links women organizations and land movements in Brazil to improve land governance and to ensure that land policies are implemented with gender equality in both urban and rural settings. Considering that there are many organizations operating in the region that are dedicated to women’s issues but that they do not focus on the problem of women’s land rights; and also considering, on the other hand, that there is an immense gender gap in the access, use, control and ownership of land, the paper will analyze such inequality from diverse angles and, using some of the statistics available, will highlight the importance of women’s equal access to land – both rural and urban land.
The Untold Story – How Media Coverage Can Change The Narrative On Land And Property Rights Thomson Reuters Foundation, United Kingdom Land rights issues only make headlines when conflicts become violent. Far less attention is paid to what lack of secure tenure means in the daily lives of those affected, for countries trying to attract investment to bolster development and for companies whose bottom line is at stake. As the world races to achieve the SDGs by 2030, the presentation will address what journalists can do to increase awareness of this important issue and highlights solutions brought about by communities, technology, policy changes and new laws. Conference participants will see how Place, the first digital platform dedicated to reporting about land and property rights, is bringing these stories to a broad audience and how journalists can contribute to changing the conversation from a niche subject to a global story. This presentation will explore reporting trends and the impact such news coverage can have on changing perception and policy.
Using spatial data tools to support the development and sustainability of social land concessions for the landless or land-poor in Cambodia Open Development Cambodia (ODC), Cambodia Cambodia has many landless or land-poor people. The government introduced a system of social land concessions (SLCs) where poor families receive land to build a home and grow food. Not all SLCs are successful. Land may already be occupied, overlap with protected forests, have limited fertility or be remote from public services. One solution is integrating spatial data, digital maps and other resources at an early stage in planning. Government data is often incomplete, out of date, inaccessible and may not have been digitized. Civil society organisations (CSOs) play a key role in producing accessible data. CSOs such as Open Development Cambodia (ODC), a national NGO, can conduct spatial analysis on proposed SLC locations with datasets and map layers for areas of customary land ownership, protected areas, public services, rainfall, flood risk, soil type and other data. This process can help improve the likelihood of SLC success.
Land Corruption in Africa: Secure Tenure Rights and Engage Local Communities 1Transparency International-Secretariat, Germany; 2Transparency International-Ghana; 3Transparency International-Madagascar Transparency International National Chapters have made noteworthy progress by experimenting innovative solutions to empower local communities in fighting corruption in the land sector. While a group of widows from the Upper East region of Ghana was very successful in advocating for their land rights and improving their livelihoods, members of a rural community from the West of Madagascar worked together to restore a sustainable peace by securing their parcels. This paper presents lessons learned by National Chapters of Ghana and Madagascar during the implementation of the Land and Corruption in Africa Project. It can serve as a basis or a guide for civil society organisations embarking on similar initiatives, as well as some learnings for policy makers.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 01-05: Lessons from Public-Private Partnerships in Land Administration Session Chair: Virgilio delos Reyes, De La Salle University (Manila), Philippines | ||||||||||||
MC 7-860 | |||||||||||||
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An Assessment of PPPs in Land Administration: Development of a Set of Pre-requisites for Effective PPP Implementation Land Equity International, Australia Land administration is considered by many to be a critical foundation to urban sustainability, providing the basis for tenure security, efficient urban planning, access to formal credit, provision of public services and physical infrastructure, and reduction of land related disputes. With an estimated 70% of people-land relationships undocumented there is a renewed push from the World Bank, amongst others, to re-engage with public-private partnerships (PPPs) as a means to moving towards / achieving comprehensive land registration and administration. Engagement of the private sector, including through PPPs, is seen as an essential component to achieving comprehensive land administration systems and global tenure security. This paper proposes an analysis of PPPs that presently exist in the land administration domain, presenting a clear matrix of core elements to demonstrate key similarities and differences between operations.
Engaging the Private Sector: A Taxonomy of Real Problems Faced by Industry That Can Be Addressed by Improved Land Management Systems 1George Mason University, United States of America; 2Zilla Global LLC; 3Iotask LLC Everywhere in the world, the management of land is a core function of government. As a consequence, the process of cadastral updating is, necessarily, administratively-driven. However, the benefits of improved land management systems accrue overwhelming to citizens and private sector companies in the form of greater transparency, improved efficiencies, and, importantly, the opportunity to design and deploy business services build on land data. Based on a data gathered during a year-long customer discovery process in three countries, this paper presents a taxonomy of real problems faced by industry that can be addressed by improved land management systems. The results provide guidance to administrators seeking to engage the private sector in the modernizing and financing land management systems.
Contracting out services for land regularization. The new roles of the private sector in land administration 1Land Alliance, Peru; 2World Bank, USA In this paper we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of direct versus outsourced implementation. To that end, we will review international experiences using project reports, interviews with private sector actors and procurement specialists. The paper will systematize lessons learned in the context of the countries where projects where carried out.
Conceptual Design of a Private Investment Scorecard for Land Administration in Developing Countries 1Universidad de los Andes, Colombia; 2Land Equity International Leveraging resources from the private sector has been a common strategy for infrastructure development in sectors such as water, transportation and energy. It is also an increase trend for land administration systems. Currently, there are limited tools to support decision-making in countries that desire to fund parts of their land administration system using private investment. This paper presents a conceptual design for a scorecard aimed at helping assess the readiness of the land administration system for private investment. We have called this concept the PILA (Private investment in land Administration) scorecard. PILA is based on existing tools developed by the World Bank to assess public private partnerships (PPPs). As a proof of concept, PILA was piloted with Honduras. Preliminary results suggest that a scorecard such as PILA would be a helpful tool for practitioners to prioritize areas for further investigation.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 01-06: Tools for Responsible Agro Investment Session Chair: Kathryn Elizabeth Mathias, Illovo Sugar Africa Ltd, United Kingdom | ||||||||||||
MC 6-100 | |||||||||||||
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Benefits Sharing Model on Large Scale Investment in Land: A Case of Large Scale Investment in Tanzania Ministry of Lands Housing and Human Settlements Development, Land Tenure Support Programme (LTSP), Tanzania Tanzania is among the African countries in which investors have shown keen interest in acquiring large tracts of land for investment. As part of its policy initiatives, the Government seeks to attract such investment, in large part in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT). The government announced its initiative which includes plans to secure 25 large commercial farming deals for rice and sugarcane production. The government hopes to achieve this by encouraging investors to utilize investment structures that ensure that all parties—local communities, national and sub-national governments and investors—equitably share in the financial and other benefits accruing from new agricultural investment. Despite of all these aspirations the Government of Tanzania has not establish a crystal clear model through which benefit sharing on large scale investment in land can be guaranteed. A study has been undertaken to analyze various benefit sharing models and make recommendations suitable for Tanzania context.
Identifying Community Membership in Collective Land Tenure: Exploring Linkages and Sharing Experiences in the Case of River Cess County in Liberia The Sustainable Development Institute (SDI) Over the past ten years, Liberia has implemented progressive land tenure reforms. The Community Rights Law (CRL) of 2009, the Land Rights Policy (LRP) of 2013, and draft Land Rights Act (LRA) to a varying degree, recognize customary rights to land. These rights include rights of the community as a collective and the rights of individuals, groups, or families within the community. However, the membership of communities has been significantly altered over the years, partly due to the protracted civil war in the country. This has made community definition, membership, and benefit sharing mechanisms precarious. This paper assesses how communities identified as customary land holding units define “community membership” and distinguish between the rights of a community “member” and that of an “outsider.” It provides an analysis on how individuals and groups gain access and benefit to shared land and resources.
Innovative Mechanisms For Better Responsible In Large-Scale Land Based Investment In Agriculture And Forestry Development In Vietnam 1Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development, Vietnam; 2OXFAM Vietnam Land fragmentation is a barrier to the development and that is leading to development of the land accumulation policy in Vietnam. However, the friction between the limited tenure rights offered to citizens and the state’s power of compulsory land requisition is the primary driver of land disputes. While a number of incentives for investors/enterprises have been developed, there is lack of a legislative requirements to attach responsibility of enterprises in land based investments, lacking an effective mechanism for land use right holders in monitoring land management and ineffective of court system in solving land conflict are being seen as the main causes for land governance limitation. This paper provides practical evidences and solutions to ensure land use right and to improve livelihood of smallholder in Vietnam through (1) developing a code of conduct on responsible investment on agricultural land and (2) a citizen monitoring land governance in Vietnam.
Towards Responsible Agricultural Investment in Lao PDR: a study of agribusiness experiences GIZ, Lao People's Democratic Republic In 2017, a study team supported by GIZ sought to document diverse experiences of agricultural investments in Lao PDR (Laos), and identify success factors for making agricultural investments more sustainable. The study also aimed to examine the extent to which international guidance – such as the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests within the Context of National Food Security (VGGT) and the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS Principles) – shapes interactions between the various stakeholders, especially local communities. Key findings of the study include the emerging trend of local community-investor agreements, analysis of recent reforms to the Lao legal and regulatory framework coupled with gaps in implementation and enforcement, and the potential to apply regional guidance to improve practices of Chinese, Thai and Vietnamese investors in Laos.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 01-07: Boundary Demarcation and Territorial Governance Session Chair: Melchiade Bukuru, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 7-100 | |||||||||||||
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Mapping and Territory: What Critical Cartography Offers to an Analysis of Land Governance? Cornell University, USA The field of critical cartography attends to the ways in which cartographic practices “produce” territory through mapping. Critical cartography problematizes the assumptions of objectivity often presupposed in “technical” activities such as land surveying or identifying customary land tenure. Although this constructivists lens has significant implications for land governance analysis, the insights of critical cartography are usually not transferred into policy discussions. Building on the case of the Miskitu people in the region of Moskitia in eastern Honduras, this paper examines how cartographic practices have contributed to the making of indigenous territories. This paper argues that participatory mapping projects significantly influenced the formation of the indigenous territories, known as territorial councils in Honduras, transforming how stakeholders think about boundaries and the management of natural resources. Integrating the lens of critical cartography can contribute to a better identification of the dynamics that emerge as effects of mapping and finding the most appropriate solutions.
Conflict in Collective Formalization Processes: Opportunities for Transformation? 1CIFOR, Peru; 2CIFOR, Kenya; 3CIFOR, Indonesia Conflict in relation to forest and land tenure security is multi-dimensional, although the most common problems are usually associated with overlapping claims or boundaries. This article examines conflict in the context of the formalization of collective forest rights in three countries, Peru, Indonesia and Uganda. This research specifically examines the nature of conflicts by combining results from multiple scales and perspectives – from national and subnational government implementers of tenure reforms, to communities and male and female household members. It asks how formalization processes alter the nature and/or trajectories of land and resource-related conflict and examines the association of conflicts with the different types of tenure regimes in which they occur. It explores factors that contribute to exacerbate or transform conflict.
Urgency of Village Boundary Setting / Resource Mapping, Villages and Land Governance in Indonesia 1Millennium Challenge Account - Indonesia (MCA-Indonesia); 2Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Millennium Challenge Account Indonesia (MCA-I) has adopted methodology and approaches that combines the state guidance – Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA) Regulation No 45 of 2016 on Village Boundary Delineation and Demarcation – on how to implement Village Boundary Setting and Resource Mapping (VBS/RM) in Indonesia; participatory approaches where villagers are being the key actors of the implementation activities in village level; as well as newest technology such as GIS (geography information system), GNSS (global navigation and satellite system) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to produce the best result in terms of map’s quality and accuracy. The combined VBS/RM approaches using the state guidance, participatory approaches, and advances technology are important tools that have produced not only an adequate village boundary map with technical accuracy, social legitimacy but also formal recognition from the government who has sole authority in doing VBS/RM activities in Indonesia.
Addressing Encroachment on State Forest Land in Tunisia United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy Tunisia’s state forest lands face a common problem of encroachment due to increasing pressure from developers, farmers, and pastoralists. Moreover, the boundaries of State forest land are unclear; archival maps are outdated and boundary markers are insufficient. The paper describes a pilot activity in Siliana governorate adopted by the government's Direction Générale des Forêts (DGF) to address the tenure issues affecting state forest areas. The open source software Open Tenure was used to collect data on encroachment. While country contexts differ significantly, the lessons gained through the experience in Tunisia provide insight for other countries interested to address the issue of forest land encroachment. This topic has wider ranging application for global efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 01-08: Challenges of Urban Expansion Session Chair: Patrick Lamson-Hall, New York University Marron Institute, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 8-100 | |||||||||||||
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Transitions to land tenure rights based on the ‘living customary law’: innovations to secure land rights in peri-urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa 1University of Venda, South Africa; 2Stellenbosch University The ‘living’ customary land tenure system describes the shifting policies and practices that characterize access to land, and secure land rights emerging from peri-urban areas. These policies and practices illustrate legal pluralism: the existence of multiple legal systems within a given community or residential space. We use sub-Saharan case studies on Zimbabwe and South Africa to illustrate these research concerns. Generally, peri-urbanity is on the increase in most sub-Saharan Africa because of migration and urbanization processes resulting in increased mix of legal systems on access to land, and secure land rights in these areas. Participatory Geographic Information Systems is identified as a useful planning tool for peri-urban areas. Implementation of this planning tool in land allocation can enhance equity and security for all residents, including children, women, and the poor in particular.
Institutional Framework and Access to Land in Peri-urban Tanzania: A Perspective from Actors Ardhi University, Tanzania Peri-urban land access in Tanzania is adversely embroiled by the existing of two institutional arrangements; the formal and the informal. The operation of these arrangements is undertaken by different actors with divergent interests on peri-urban land. The aim of this study is to explore the existing institutional arrangements and to demonstrate actors’ views. Data were obtained through questionnaires, document analysis and in-depth interviews. Results indicate that although the guiding formal arrangement to access land is available, this process is complicated and characterized by overlapping power among the land authorities. Furthermore, it was revealed that although the informal process of access to land face challenges, it remains to be predominant as it is used to bridges the gap of high demands of serviced land. Therefore, the government with consultation with other actors may consider adoption of a new approach that can integrate all systems in order to establish a single one.
Planning rural areas in an urbanized world: Critical issue for Colombia 1Colombia Rural, Colombia; 2RIMISP, Colombia Municipality planning in Colombia has largely focused its efforts in studying urban demand for goods and services, especially in space demand for city growth. However, provision of goods and public services in rural areas has not been sufficiently addressed. There is no clarity upon how much rural area has to be protected to ensure food production and provision, to provide public services such as aqueduct and sewage systems or how to appropriately design and provide logistics and distribution services for producers in rural areas. This paper studies the extent to which local governments engage with rural areas and their inhabitants in planning exercises and some of the barriers they could face with regards to land administration. Given the actual demographics -average age of 40 in rural areas - this paper argues that adequate planning for rural areas and provision of goods and services is crucial for people seeking opportunities and growth.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 01-09: Towards Effective and Participatory Land Use Planning Session Chair: Jes Weigelt, TMG Research. TMG ThinkTank for Sustainability, Germany | ||||||||||||
MC 9-100 | |||||||||||||
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Development Control in Practice: Protection of Agricultural Land in Kosovo 1GIZ, Kosovo; 2Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning Reframing Local Land Use Planning Methods and Tools In South West Cameroon as a Foundation for Secure Tenure, Sustainable and Equitable Rural Development, and REDD+ 1Ministry of Economy, Plan and Territorial Management (MINEPAT); 2LTS international; 3Rainbow Environment Consult; 4Ajemalebu Self Help (AJESH); 5Rainforest Foundation UK; 6European Forest Institute (EFI); 7Technical University of Munich (TUM) The "Where?" in Participatory Local Land Use Planning: A Web Mapping Approach in South-West Cameroon 1LTS international; 2World Resources Institute (WRI); 3German Federal Geosciences Institute (BGR); 4Rainforest Foundation UK (RFUK); 5Ajemalebu Self Help (AJESH); 6Rainbow Environment Consult; 7European Forest Institute (EFI); 8International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); 9Ministry of Economy, Planning and Regional Development (MINEPAT), Cameroon A Tool for Ensuring Policy Impacting Research Results in Land Use Land Cover and Land use Planning World Bank Group, Rwanda Village by Village, Map by Map: Lessons for One Map Implementation - Affecting Synergies Between Villages, Regulatory and Administrative Structures, Through an Interconnected, Participatory and Community Centred-Approach to Village Boundary Settings (VBS) in Indonesia. Abt Associates, Indonesia | ||||||||||||
8:30am - 10:00am | 01-10: Impact Evaluation of Land Registration Session Chair: Jennifer Lisher, Millennium Challenge Corporation, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 10-100 | |||||||||||||
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Community Land Protection in Liberia: The Impact on Neocustomary Norms and Institutions 1University College London, Political Science; 2The Cloudburst Group, United States of America Is it possible to change property rights norms, even when changes affect the position of powerful constituencies? In this paper, we explore the effects of external changes to informal property rights institutions using a quasi-experimental evaluation of an intervention designed to protect community land and promote the rights of vulnerable groups, including women, in the West African nation of Liberia. We focus on the effect of the Community Land Protection Program (CLPP), an intervention that seeks to empower communities to successfully protect communal land rights, but that also emphasizes full participation of women and other previously excluded groups. We use two rounds of survey data collected in 2014 and 2017 from 43 communities and find evidence that while some behaviors and norms prove persistent over time, others do shift as a result of an outside intervention.
Does Tenure Reform Influence Household Food Security? Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia This article analyzes the outcome of forest reform on household food security of forest dependent communities. Study involved 2733 respondents, 55 communities and five reforms types, and analysis done using descriptive and inferential analysis. Finding from descriptive analysis suggest the respondents in Peru indicated they were food secure and perceived tenure security had improved. In Indonesia and Uganda, both members and nonmembers were food secure. Finding from the ESR probit model suggest that perceived tenure security, land owned by communities, years of education, ownership of dwelling, age in years, forest products, ancestry and external contact, had influenced membership. Results suggest that tenure security outcomes are sensitive to the range of rights held by communities; food security outcomes are better under situations of full ownership rights regardless of whether dejure or de facto. Food security of forest adjacent communities are placed at risk where rules for harvesting forest products are strict.
Silver Bullets or Shooting Blanks: Estimating the Impact of Formal Land Property Rights on Economic Development in Rural Colombia. 1George Mason University, United States of America; 2George Mason University, United States of America Economic development literature often portrays secure property rights as essential for growth and prosperity. Four arguments are often put forward to support this claim - First, property rights provide secure tenure from probable seizure. Second, in a situation of insecure tenure, individuals will have to incur in external costs of defending their property, therefore diverting resources that could be used for more productive activities. Third, they provide the possibility to use land to support other transactions, such as gaining access to the credit market. Finally, property rights facilitate gains from trade. However, solid empirical evidence supporting this claim has been elusive and focused mainly on urban settings. To address this gap, we employ a novel approach to estimate economic output at the municipal level in rural Colombia using satellite nighttime lights data and along with registry-cadastre data, test the validity of the above claim.
Rural property rights and migration: evidence from Ethiopia. The London School of Economics, United Kingdom This paper provides evidence that security of ownership over land is of crucial importance to households when deciding whether to send a migrant. The results are particularly relevant to many developing country contexts where property rights over rural land are contingent on the occupant demonstrating productive use of the land. Using a unique farm-household panel dataset from the highlands of Ethiopia, this study demonstrates a robust positive relationship between tenure security and migration. The identification strategy relies on the gradual roll-out of a land certification program at the village level, as well as exogenous variation in water availability, a likely trigger of out-migration from agriculture. The results demonstrate that households with tenure certificates are around 15 percent more likely to have a member that has migrated for work. We further document that water scarcity during the growing season encourages out-migration from agriculture, however, droughts during the planting period discourage migration.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 01-11: Blockchain Technology in Land Administration: Use Cases Session Chair: Fredrik Zetterquist, Swedesurvey, Sweden | ||||||||||||
MC C1-100 | |||||||||||||
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The Swedish Land Registry Blockchain Project: Update and Implications for Modernizing Land Registration Systems ChromaWay, United States of America The Swedish Land Registry and a consortium of government and private sector agencies completed the pilot phase of testing during 2017. ChromaWay provided the blockchain technology which included distributed ledgers, smart contracts, and secured workflow in order to test the contributions that these emerging technologies can make to the efficiency and effectiveness of land registry-related processes. The purpose of the presentation will be to address the following questions: 1. What were the lessons learned from introducing a blockchain into a land registry ecosystem? 2. What are the implications for the use of blockchain technologies for land registries in both the developed and the developing world? 3. What are the political, cultural, organizational, technical, and process changes that impact the success of a blockchain land registry project? The presentation will also include updates based on the production phase of the project scheduled to begin Q4 2017
Dubai Real Estate Block Chain Dubai Land Department, United Arab Emirates- Emirates Real Estate Solutions The abstract illustrates Blockchain implementations in the real estate sector in Dubai. The vision and strategy was to inroll all government sector services that rely on properties to be conducted in phases, then to start enrolling third party and private sectors to utilize blockchain data. The first phase was to migrate all titledeeds to blockchain environment, integrate all legacy systems to produces new titledeeds on blockchain. Customers can verify their ownership on the blockchain environment. The second phase was to adapt smart lease contracts to rent, renew and get all relatedservices to renting from one electronic procedure(utilities, licensing, banks, payments). This phase have involved multiple entities to ease renting process in Dubai. The short and long plan is explained in the abstract to reach to a strong blockchain implementation goals. The abstract defines the challenges that has been faced during the proof of concept and go-live implementations and success factors.
Blockchain and Land: Proof of Concept 1World Bank, United States of America; 2Food and Agriculture Organization Land is an area that is particularly ripe for blockchain solutions. Though the technology is relatively new and still in pilot phase, it can support solution development for some of the biggest land challenges. The Global Land and Geospatial Team of the World Bank and the World Bank Blockchain Lab, with support from the Food and Agriculture Organization, conducted a proof of concept for three use cases of blockchain and land administration. This, however, is just the technology side of the story. There are many other important aspects that need to be considered for the possible adoption of this technology for land administration solutions. These include policy, legal, institutional, capacity, and public awareness related questions. The paper will present the proof of concept, raise important unanswered questions on the development of blockchain solutions, and present a literature review of other pilots that have been conducted so far.
Blockchain - Georgian Experience Phase II National Agency of Public Registry Ministry of Justice of Georgia, Georgia Blockchain is the high-tech solution of the 21st century, a software platform for digital assets that offers high level of security and provides protection and transparency of a transaction. As always innovational in terms of introduction of new technologies, Georgia is one of the first countries in the world that started using Blockchain in property registration. The registration of immovable property in Georgia is implemented by the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR) under the Ministry of Justice with one of the most advanced and experienced IT Department, providing its services not only NAPR but to other government agencies as well.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 01-12: Strategies to Strengthen Womens' Land Rights Session Chair: Janet Walsh, Human Rights Watch, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC C1-200 | |||||||||||||
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Gender Gap In Ownership To Agricultural Land In Rural Tanzania: Implications to Wealth Distribution ARDHI UNIVERSITY, Tanzania The land reforms in Tanzania as evidenced by the Land Policy of 1995 and the Land Act and Village Land Act both of 1999 give equal rights to both men and women on land ownership. However, evidence from gender perspective shows that there is still gender gap as customary land tenure norms are highly predominate over statutory laws in decision making and land ownership practices in rural Tanzania, which affects women's involvement in agricultural activities hence financial status. Although insignificantly addresses the existing challenge, co-titling was seen to be one of the options taken by the Government to lessen gender gap to land ownership. Sustainable solution to addressing gender gap requires creation of awareness and provision of basic knowledge on land rights to women. The efforts should be taken along with participatory approach of involving rural communities with the Government, non governmental organizations, local leaders, religious leaders and education institutions.
Gender and Land Tenure Security in Gusii Kenya: Improving Household welfare through land Rights Bremen University, Germany Majority of the Kenyan population lives in rural areas and derive their livelihood directly from land which is both an economic and social asset. Although women form more than three quarters of the agricultural labor force, a complex set of customary laws has restricted them to usufruct land rights acquired mainly through marriage. Despite the Kenyan constitution giving women equal rights to land with men, discrimination in access and control of land against women still persists. Hence women owning land are exposed to insecurity. It is widely argued that given land tenure security, people invest more in land hence have higher output. Guided by the Political Ecology (FPE) perspective this paper argues that Women’s role in family upkeep combined with access to land would play a crucial role in realization of some of the Sustainable Development Goals including food security, poverty reduction and improve access to education for the children.
Enhancing Women’s Land Rights Under Customary Tenure Through Issuance Of Certificates Of Customary Ownership And Communal Land Associations Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Uganda Uganda’s Constitution 1995 guarantees four tenure systems namely: Mailo, Freehold, Customary and Leasehold tenure. A greater part of the land in Uganda is held under customary tenure, usually subject to restrictions such as transfer outside the family and clan. The 1995 Constitution defines customary tenure as “land which is governed by customs, rules and regulations of any given community”. therefore, Under customary tenure, land is held in trust by the family for past, present and future generations who constitute a form of trusteeship that is associated with the responsibility to protect not only the land itself but also the land rights of all family members. The Land Act 1998 provides for the registration of customary land through issuance of certificates of Customary Ownership and Communal Land Associations where land is held communally/ family/a group of persons.
Gender-disaggregated data: A key prerequisite for realizing women’s land rights in Africa 1GROOTS Kenya; 2LANDac/ Utrecht University, Netherlands, The There is a growing momentum in Africa to further strengthen women’s access to and control over land and natural resources. One leading example is AU’s Agenda 2063 which aims to ensure that rural women have access to and control over productive assets, including land. One obstacle however is the lack of gender-disaggregated data, crucial toward monitoring and tracking progress at the local to regional levels. GROOTS Kenya and LANDac aimed to address this challenge in Kenya by piloting a community-led land mapping model which was developed through desk and grassroots research. This paper presents the results of these activities to demonstrate how the country should proceed in terms of generating gender-disaggregated data on land. We question whether the state should actually rely on formal registries in desegregating land data as well as provide empirical evidence from the grassroots to feed into the ongoing debate on perceived ownership and the SDGs.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 01-13: Creating Momentum for Land Policy Change Session Chair: Margaret Rugadya, Ford Foundation, Kenya | ||||||||||||
MC 4-100 | |||||||||||||
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Introducing WOLTS: Action-oriented research on women’s land tenure security in Mongolia and Tanzania 1Mokoro Ltd, United Kingdom; 2People Centered Conservation (PCC), Mongolia; 3HakiMadini, Tanzania Pastoralist communities in mineral-rich areas of Mongolia and Tanzania have been the focus of the first two years of the Women’s Land Tenure Security (WOLTS) project, a long-term action-oriented global research project. The first part of this paper outlines the distinct approach and rigorous methodology that WOLTS has developed and applied, using multiple site visits and different research methods to triangulate and validate findings. The second part of the paper presents key findings from the fieldwork in four communities in Mongolia and Tanzania so far, drawing out common themes such as the need for better access to information and more inclusive decision-making in the management of local land and natural resources. As pastoralist communities in many developing countries face increasing pressures from mining, WOLTS’ early conclusions underline the importance of in-depth understanding of gendered social relations and property rights, in order to improve gender equity in governance of tenure.
Nested Interconnection: Transgressing Community-Based Natural Resource Management towards Innovating Collective Landscape Mobilization 1Cornell University (CU), United States of America; 2The Center for People and Forests (RECOFTC), Thailand This is a case about innovative approach of Boonrueng wetland forest conservation against land conversion for Special Economic Zone. Boonrueng wetland forest is the largest seasonal flooded forest in the Ing watershed located in the North of Thailand. It provides the high ecological functions and qualities of the tributary in the downstream Ing River, out-flowing into the Mekong River. The conversion of land for the economic regionalization in Chiang Khong district is geared up in 2015 and Boonrueng wetland forest was identified as an area for Special Economic Zone. In response, the collective mobilization of across different villages within the community is activated. The innovative approach in Boonrueng case which has succeeded to secure its wetland management rights and communal land tenure is the transgression from community-based movement and networking towards a more integrated synergy of mobilization at the landscape level.
Using Data to Support Women’s Rights: Property Markets and Housing Rights through a Gender Equity Lens IHC Global, United States of America This paper summarizes findings and lessons learned from a pilot project IHC Global and the Association of Real Estate Agents-Uganda implemented to measure women’s participation in property markets in Uganda and strengthen women’s property rights and asset making. Particular emphasis is given to understanding the challenges to customary practices women have in accessing secure tenure because though there is a legal and regulatory framework that provides for property ownership by women directly and through inheritance, customs sometimes go against these rights. Using an adapted property market analysis tool, the International Property Market Scorecard, developed by IHC Global and its partner, we investigated the extent to which the market manifests the assertion by women of these rights and analyzes barriers. The paper also describes how this project helped create awareness of property rights’ and customs’ importance, offered an analysis tool to support gender equity, and enabled local partners to bring change.
Sharing Evaluation Findings with Community Stakeholders The Cloudburst Group, United States of America Sharing research results with communities facilitates important community access to data they made possible has the potential to strengthen the rigor, relevance, and reach of such research. USAID is currently supporting efforts to disseminate rigorous evaluation findings back to local project stakeholders, such as survey respondents, project beneficiaries, community leaders, and local government officials. These information dissemination efforts provide stakeholders with a summary of development outcomes and trends in their area and raise awareness of project achievements. This paper presents a case study of one such community based participatory research activity that involves sharing data with respondents participating in a rigorous quasi-experimental evaluation of a community land protection program in Liberia, exploring methodological considerations for ongoing research – such minimizing the potential for bias and threats to the validity of evaluation findings – as well as design challenges that arise translating technical findings for an audience with limited formal education.
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10:00am - 10:30am | Coffee Break | ||||||||||||
Front Lobby | |||||||||||||
10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-01: Land in an interconnected world: Whose land? Whose Agenda? Session Chair: Ibrahim Mwathane, Land Development and Governance Institute (LDGI), Kenya Translation | ||||||||||||
Preston Auditorium | |||||||||||||
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Setting the agenda for Government’s catalytic role in Democratic Republic of Congo: harnessing land resources for development Ministère des Affaires Foncières, Congo, Democratic Republic of the .. The Role of Customary Authorities in Facilitating Governance Madi Community to be filled Developing requisite capacities for land governance in Africa University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon .. Secured Land Rights and Sustainable Agricultural Investments Presidency in charge of Agriculture and Livestock, Madagascar to be filled
Envision Integrated Land Use Policy and Planning to Enahanced Land Governance in Ethiopia: Practice and Challenges Prime Minister Office, Ethiopia Ethiopia has committed itself to a green, rapid, inclusive, and sustainable growth trajectory of reaching middle income status by 2025 through implementing its Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE, 2011 to 2030) strategy. Despite demonstrating one of the fastest and broad based growing economy in the past decade, the incidence of poverty and environmental challenges such as land degradation, depletion of natural capital and unprecedented urbanization challenges in the country is still high. However, Ethiopia has prioritized the role of natural capital to drive growth and its prosperity while get its urbanization “right” through optimal land use decisions. With a forward-looking the National Integrated Land Use Policy and Planning initiative expected to guide the sustainable structural transformation of the rural and urban life and its natural capital by providing a very coordinated, participatory, all serving, aligned and harmonized land use plans that promote land governance.
Putting It All together: Whose Land? Whose Agenda? UNECA, Ethiopia to be filled | ||||||||||||
10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-02: Using Land Registries to Prevent Money-Laundering Session Chair: Nicolás Nogueroles, IPRA-CINDER (International Property Registries Association), Spain webex | ||||||||||||
MC 13-121 | |||||||||||||
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The Fight to Eliminate Fraud, Corruption, Tax Avoidance and Evasion in Land Administration Institute of Revenues Rating and Valuation, United Kingdom In any organisation responsible for land administration, taxation or registration, fraud, corruption and financial crime, whether it be bribery, evasion, avoidance, misappropriation, embezzlement or money laundering, operate in environments where opacity, conflict-of-interest, weak audit, lack of oversight and accountability, inadequate procedures, ineffectual and weak organisational cultures are present. This paper seeks to outline an approach to dealing with these matters. Fraud, corruption and financial crime in land administration may be perpetrated by senior and junior management, political élites, public officials acting as ‘lone wolves’ or in subcultures and, increasingly, organised crime. The foundations of a structure to deal with these issues are created by the setting of a series of standards or principles for those participating in public life together with a range of effective operational arrangements.
Land Registries, Fraud and Money Laundering 1IPRA-CINDER (International Property Registries Association), Spain; 2ELRA (European Land Registries Association)Belgium; 3Kadaster Holland; 4Tribunal Registral de Peru; 5Colegio de Registradores Spain; 6Registro Nacional de Costa Rica The establishment of Land Registration systems has always been linked to the prevention of fraud. As the society becomes more complex new ways of fraud arise. The interconnections, cross border relations and new technologies makes fraud a global issue. Nowadays a challenge to all administrations, countries and international organizations is money laundering which is connected to terrorism and organised crime. This significant problem affects directly to the real estate market because the immovable property have been a shelter to all the money coming from these fraudulent activities and Land Registries as " ex ante controls" of the transactions that claim for registration and as producers of data are in an advanced position to prevent this fraud and to report or collaborate with other authorities. But money laundering is carried out in an international context so measures adopted solely at a national or local level would have only a limited effect
Fraud And Money Laundering in the Land Registry of Costa Rica Registro Nacional, Costa Rica To be
European Directives and the Role of the Land and Business Registries Against Money Laundering and Terrorism IPRA-CINDER, Spain The fight against money laundering and tax evasion is focusing the interest of the institutions of the European Union, with the poposal to amend Directive (EU) 2015/849, which constitues the main legal instrument in the prevention of the use of the Union's financial system for the purposes of money laundering and terrorist financing. That Directive is to be transposed. Member States shall identify, understand and mitigate risks related to money laundering and terrorist financing. It seeks the maximun possible transparency in financial transactions. Registrars are considerated obliged entities by national regulations with duties of information comunication and it is needed the creation of mechanism to record and provide information on these real owners, as the actual beneficiaries. This is why the Land Registry of Spain has created a special office (CRAB) . Both Land and Business Registries can collaborate as essentials tools to faigth against money laundring.
Fraud Prevention Through the Key Registries in Netherland Dutch Cadastre, Land Registry and Mapping Agency (Kadaster), Netherlands, The After briefly introducing Dutch Kadaster and the Dutch legal system I will sketch the shared characteristics with regard to various fraud cases. The presentation continues by explaining the role of the registrar in preventing and tracing fraud cases. Subsequently, the introduction and functioning of the Dutch system of key registers will be described. At the end the question will be raised whether blockchain is a means to fight fraud.
Money Laundering in Peru, Preventive Measures and Fight From the Public Registries Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Publicos, Peru Since the signing in 1988 of the United Nations Convention, "money laundering" derived from the illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances was penalized, and a state agency with broad powers called "Financial Intelligence Unit of Peru" (FIU-Peru), was created through Act 27693 and incorporated as a specialized unit into the SBS, and was charged with receiving, analyzing, treating, evaluating and transmitting information for the detection of money laundering and financing of terrorism. As to the Public Registry of Peru -whose governing body is the National Superintendence of Public Registries-, this entity does not belong to the “System for the prevention and control of money-laundering and financing of terrorism”; however, being a governmental entity that takes part in the general anti-money laundering system and against the financing of terrorism, it is obliged to provide information when it is needed for the fulfillment of the FIU-Peru’s functions.
How to Fight Fraud by Double Sales and Overlapping Registration of Real Property in A Simple Way - the Belgian Example ELRA - European Land Registry Association, Belgium Land registration systems should help providing security of tenure. Lately there is a consensus that these systems should deliver enough legal security in the given circumstances. It may not be necessary to seek perfection. This opinion may result in a dualism between statutory systems of land registration and "Fit for Pupose" systems. Statutory land registration systems, providing title, are considered to be superior but meet dificulties in registering and delivering legal security to less conventional rights, for instance from a customary origin. Statutory systems, only archiving deeds, deliver less security but are more flexible. Due to technological changes they may become an intersting choice once more. This presentation shows a practical example of how the risk of double sales is avoided in a simple way and how the system may be adaptable as well for safeguarding the bundle of rights covered by customary tenure.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-03: Harnessing New Technology for Land Data Capture & Management Session Chair: Rohan Bennett, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia | ||||||||||||
MC 2-800 | |||||||||||||
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Scalable Platform Based On Open Source For Land Administration Systems Innola Solutions, Inc., United States of America There is a strong tendency in the developments of national land administration projects funded by World Bank, USAID and other organizations to promote the solutions based open source. Many proven technologies for specific land information components are based on open source. Unfortunately, segmental use of the open source and problems of integration and scaling up into national level system resulted in the overall low-efficiency of the efforts. A group of seasoned professionals decided the time is ripe to change the game. Everywhere the ICT became a driver of the enterprises aligning with new business goals. Why not in land administration? This article describes establishment of National Land Information System (NLIS) based on open source stack. The team of Innola Solutions (USA) has built a new land information platform – Innola Framework. In cooperation with IGN FI and GEOFIT (France), the consortium has implemented Uganda NLIS and work on other projects.
Harmonizing Laws and Regulations with New Technologies and Innovations in Land Administration Hansa Luftbild AG, Germany Over the last decade innovative technologies and methods have been developed to demarcate land parcels and register land rights in an inexpensive and swift way. These technologies, such as rectified imagery are now used by the fit-for-purpose land administration approach in order to register land rights systematically. Though these innovative technologies have been applied in some developing countries there is a time lag between such developments and existing land legislation. The land legislation in developing countries often appears to be out of date. In addition, the lack of or the existence of difficult to implement UAV regulations is hindering the drone operators to fly UAVs, making the usage of drones problematic. This paper presents a case study of some of the countries and describe their current drone regulations and land laws and recommends a harmonization of laws and regulations with new land registration methods and technologies.
Interconnected Donors: Sustainable Development from Pilot to Delivery at Scale 1Lantmäteriet, Sweden; 2Cadasta Foundation, USA; 3Kartverket, Norway How do we implement pilot projects so that they deliver sustainable, equitable, and efficient service delivery at scale? We believe the answer involves long-term donor commitment focusing on sustainable results through increased donor cooperation, through communication, flexibility, and gender equality. Sustained donor support provides the need time to achieve deliverables and ensure deep and extensive local commitment at all levels. This paper will show how we can improve the impact of our work and projects to make a sustainable difference in the everyday life of citizens. The authors of this paper have extensive international experience working with donors, the private sector, national cadastral systems, mapping and real property registration organizations, and international non-profit organizations. The parties are jointly working to ensure a more cost-efficient, sustainable, and equitable support to beneficiaries in developing countries.
Sharing Information to make better decisions about our World Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), United States of America Geospatial information and associated technologies are key to achieving resilience of local to national land management. The seamless ability to capture, visualize and manage land administration information relies on a level of interoperability that allows public and private sector information to be combined and organized efficiently for enhanced land management. New standardized ways to leverage, process, fuse and apply location data from imagery, drones/UAVs, mobile phones and a plethora of increasing inexpensive location aware devices is changing the norm in ways that strengthen land governance, sustainable land use, and/or support land administration services in urban and/or rural settings.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-04: Leveraging the SDG Momentum and Monitoring Progress Session Chair: Jolyne Sanjak, Landesa, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 6-860 | |||||||||||||
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Taking Land Governance Performance Monitoring To The Next Level: Towards a Uniform Vision For Data Standards Land Portal Foundation There is an increasing drive to collect data that helps illustrate the land governance situation globally. However, a uniform vision towards standardizing the use of geospatial and land governance information systems is lacking. In order to reach the full potential of land governance information systems, gathering data about specific indicators, producing community maps or making databases accessible is not enough. While this is an essential starting point, these efforts must go beyond the mere collection of data to ensure long-term sustainability on investments. The data that is gathered needs to be shared, analyzed and challenged. In this regard, the land sector can benefit from data standards on how to publish information in a way that ensures discoverability and interoperability. There is a need to agree on a uniform vision through which the land sector benefits from these data technologies, and also incorporates the controversial reality that is land governance data.
How People-Centered Land Monitoring can Contribute to the Realization of the SDGs and VGGTs – The case of ILC's Dashboard 1CIRAD / International Land Coalition, Italy; 2International Land Coalition, Italy The adoption of the VGGTs and the SDGs marked a major advancement towards the recognition of the central role that land tenure and land governance play in global efforts to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development. While these new global frameworks define ambitious goals, the key to their success lies in our ability to give them substance and produce results that can be seen in practice. It was in this context, that the Dashboard was conceptualized in 2016 as a people-led monitoring tool aimed to monitor the overall status of land governance at national level. The aim of this paper is to - Present and discuss the Dashboard initiative - Introduce the initial work undertaken, including an overview of ongoing land monitoring initiative and existing indicators - Offer results from our preliminary consultations and final list of indicators, still under development - Assess how it converges with other monitoring initiatives
Strengthening Global Coordination for Land Governance Monitoring and Data for Policy Decisions; Experiences from Global Land Indicators Initiative GLII/GLTN - UN Habitat Land is central to ending poverty and inequality, promote peaceful society and conservation of natural resources. Regional and global frameworks have been adopted by governments in their efforts to inform responsible land governance including Africa Union Framework and Guidelines and global Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance on Tenure; and Sustainable Development Goals. Global coordination for monitoring of these frameworks is central to ensure data is available for policy decisions. The Global Land Indicators Initiative (GLII), established in 2012 by World Bank, Millennium Challenge Cooperation and UN-Habitat, and currently with over 50 partners continues to carry out global coordination and convening of land and data communities, facilitate dialogues on best practices in land monitoring, promote comparability and complementary of data efforts. This paper analyses land governance frameworks and underscore the importance of global coordination of monitoring of these frameworks; experiences of GLII and its partners; challenges and opportunities moving forward.
Land Governance and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Consolidating and Harmonizing Monitoring Initiatives 1Land Portal Foundation, France; 2Global Donor Working Group on Land Numerous indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relate to tenure rights, food security and nutrition, including 1.4.2 on perceptions of land tenure security, 2.4.1 relating to the proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture and 5.a.1 women ownership of agricultural land. This side event will bring together key actors in the land governance community and beyond who are making significant efforts to ensure land-related SDGs remain part of the 2030 Agenda and are tracked and made widely available to stakeholders in the land governance community and specifically to National Statistical Offices (NSOs). It will provide an opportunity for discussion of the initiatives currently underway to monitor and amplify efforts focused on achieving land-related SDGs in the 2030 Agenda through research, advocacy and communications, and will explore opportunities to consolidate and harmonize these initiatives and improve their effectiveness vis-à-vis targeted stakeholder groups.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-05: Resilient Housing for Resilient Cities Session Chair: Anna Wellenstein, World Bank, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 7-860 | |||||||||||||
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Resilient Housing for Resilient Cities Catalytic Communities, Brazil Do Families Want to Invest in Making Their Homes More Resilient? MicroBuild Fund and Impact Investing Analytics, United States of America Can We Actually Retrofit Homes? Does It Make Economic and Social Sense? Build Change, United States of America How Can We Leverage Technology to Identify Housing Units that Need Retrofitting at a Low-cost? World Bank, United States of America | ||||||||||||
10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-06: How Does Land Governance Affect Investors Risk Perceptions? Session Chair: Chris Jochnick, Landesa, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 6-100 | |||||||||||||
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Deforestation Risks: Financial Costs and Tropical Agriculture Supply Chains Climate Advisers, United States of America 25% of GHG emissions come from agriculture and land‐use. 70% of tropical deforestation is caused by agriculture. In 2016, BlackRock suggested deforestation is a material risk for investors. In 2017, UBS stated that the FSB’s Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures “enables (investors) to address material deforestation risks in agriculture supply chains and for downstream (corporate) buyers.” CDP reported that 200 corporations had $900 billion in revenueat‐risk from deforestation commodities: soy, palm oil, cattle, timber. Corporate zero-deforestation commitments have increased 200% since 2015. Chain Reaction Research analysis has shown material financial risk to corporations. This presentation will discuss how these material risks impact corporations with deforestation in their supply chains. Eight risk management tools will be presented. Eight real-world case studies will highlight equity valuation, debt ratings, cash flow, financial accounting, and divestment risks. Results will demonstrate how companies’ valuation decrease if they do not address deforestation-related supply chains.
Facing Criticism: Responsibility, Large-Scale Land Acquisition, and its Critics University of Cologne, Germany This presentation discusses how corporations, investors and agribusinesses involved in large-scale land acquisition (LSLA) respond to actors concerned about LSLA, such as NGOs, local communities, peasant movements, scholars, and journalists. Over the last ten years, these critics have been very vocal in raising concerns about the responsibilities of investors involved in LSLA – and also of institutional actors and policy makers facilitating the investments. Largely absent in most debates, however, are explicit analyses about how corporations respond to the concerns raised by their critics. The presentation demonstrates that the extent to which an investor responds to the criticism it (directly or indirectly) faces depends on the investor’s profile. Moreover, it argues that the most critical voices in the LSLA debates play a central role in shaping investors’ responses to the concerns raised.
Land and Poverty through the prism of the Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries: Sustainable development, Large Scale Land Based investments and its impacts on land rights, poverty alleviation and food security in Tanzania. University of Oslo, Norway This paper focuses on the Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries and its investments in the agribusiness sector in the United Republic of Tanzania. The paper is based on the preliminary findings of my fieldwork research in Norway. Thus, it briefly presents the Fund, the investment and the concerns raised in relation to it (in terms of land governance, development outcomes, poverty alleviation and food security). This paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding and open a space for dialogue on the role played by Development Finance Institutions in land governance and poverty alleviation. The paper is particularly relevant to two of the ten themes of the conference (1 and 10): New academic research on the impact of land tenure security for sustainable development, equity and prosperity, (results and their policy relevance; new research methodologies); Achieving responsible large-scale land based investments: lessons learned 10 years on.
The First Biennial Investor Survey on Land Rights: Revealing the perceptions and practices of the private sector on land and resource issues and risks 1Indufor North America, United States of America; 2USAID; 3Individual USAID has initiated a voluntary Investor Survey on Land Rights, conducted by Indufor, with a primary objective of establishing and analyzing a database on private sector perceptions of land tenure risks with quantified direct and indirect costs. The paper will highlight findings from the first biennial survey, including land-based investments and risks, investments rejected due to land tenure uncertainties or risks, challenges faced among private sector actors regarding land disputes, and strategies to resolve land tenure disputes or promote better land governance. The research will serve as a valuable resource on responsible investing.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-07: Interventions for strengthening tenure security Session Chair: Abdu Muwonge, World Bank, Kenya | ||||||||||||
MC 7-100 | |||||||||||||
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Linking The Continuum Of Land Rights To Production Orientation And Management Styles: Lessons From Research In Namibia 1GIZ, Germany; 2University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Strengthening Women’s Land Rights: Lessons From Agricultural Development Programmes In Sub-Saharan Africa IFAD, Italy Capacity Development Lessons from Tenure Security Learning Initiative in Eastern and Southern Africa (TSLI-ESA) 1Technical University of Munich, Germany; 2GLTN/UN-HABITAT, Kenya; 3IFAD, Italy Mainstreaming support for good land governance into agricultural and rural development programmes: Lessons from IFAD-supported projects IFAD, Italy Analysis And Reflection On Methodologies And Practices For The Formalization Of Land Rights Ordre des Géomètres-experts, France | ||||||||||||
10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-08: Approaches to Land Delivery for Urban Expansion Session Chair: Sue Bannister, City Insight (Pty) Ltd, South Africa | ||||||||||||
MC 8-100 | |||||||||||||
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Market-led Initiatives To Land Tenure Security In Ghana: Contribution Of Gated Communities University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Ghana, like many Sub-Saharan African countries, has instituted a system of land title registration to address problems in its land market, namely; multiple sales of customary lands, endless land litigations and indeterminate boundaries of customary lands. Yet, despite this intervention, the problems bedeviling the land market persist. Gated communities have emerged to solve these problems and to further guarantee homeowners land tenure security. This paper examines how developers of gated communities provide tenure security for their homeowners. Using Greater Accra Metropolitan Area as case study and collecting data from six gated communities through self-administered surveys and interviews with key stakeholders and residents living in gated communities, the study found that most residents in gated communities strongly perceive that the presence of fence walls, and security systems in gated communities provided them the assurance that their land tenure security was guaranteed and hence only a few have secured land title certificate.
Impact and Effectiveness of Urban Planning on City Spatial Development – A Case of Tanzania Secondary Cities 1World Bank, United States of America; 2Ardhi University, Tanzania This is the phase 1 findings from an ongoing study investigating the spatial development characteristics of Tanzania secondary cities with and without urban plans, and attempting to assess the impact and effectiveness of such urban plans. In this 1st phase, we focused on establishing the context, determining the case cities and study area, as well as developing the detailed Background Profile of Cities. The case write-ups feature qualitative and empirical description of these cities, including the history/evolution of urban plans, local urban planning policies, processes and associated broad physical, economic, social and environmental development trends or relevant incidents which had significant influence on the city’s physical development. Findings from this first phase will inform the 2nd phase where we will investigate: (i) the urban form and city development of the selected cities based on the identified spatial and socioeconomic metrics; and (ii) effectiveness in the implementation of urban plans.
Impact of Litigation on the Real Estate Market in Mumbai 1Tata Institute of Social Sciences; 2IDFC Institute; 3George Mason University; 4Brookings India and Member, Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council The formal housing market in Indian cities has not been responsive to the growth in urban population. A striking feature of land and real estate markets in urban India is weak property rights, unclear titles, encroachment and complex regulatory processes which increase the likelihood of legal disputes and choke supply of land and housing. This paper aims to understand the impact of litigation on the real estate market in Mumbai by making use of a unique dataset on ongoing real estate projects. We find that litigations have a positive and statistically significant effect on completion times of projects and may be contributing to severe delays. Policy reforms focusing on improving land titling and tenure for urban land, simplifying regulations and process of granting approvals could help resolve this problem.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-09: Linking Land Use to Tenure: Lessons From Brazil's CAR Session Chair: Bastiaan Philip Reydon, UNICAMP, Brazil | ||||||||||||
MC 9-100 | |||||||||||||
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Environmental Rural Cadaster (CAR) in the Priority Municipalities for Deforestation Monitoring and Control in Amazonia, Brazil 1Brazilian Forest Service / Ministry of the Environment; 2Pro-Nature Foundation, Brazil; 3German Agency for International Cooperation - GIZ The Environmental Rural Registry (CAR) is an important instrument for the management of landholdings environmental information in Brazil. All this information is compiled in the National Environmental Rural Registry System (SICAR) and represents an important source of data for environmental and economic control, monitoring and planning, as well as to combat deforestation. This publication provides information included in the SICAR database until October 10th 2017. This publication is developed for the geographical context known as the Priority Municipalities for deforestation control and monitoring in Amazon. In this paper, we present the total number and area of landholdings, remaining’s of native vegetation areas, permanent preservation areas and the area of legal reserves declared for each municipality. Furthermore, we present the Brazilian official deforestation data until 2016, and make a comparison between the total deforestation in the municipality and the part of the deforestation that occurred inside registered farms.
Rural environmental registry for traditional peoples and communities: Social participation and the history of enhancement of the module of registration 1Ministry of Environment, Brazil; 2GITEC-IGIP GmbH Environmental policies that impact the territories of Traditional Peoples and Communities must include social participation methods in order to succeed. The history of the Rural Environmental Registry (cadastro ambiental rural – CAR) in Brazil is not different: only after the implementation of social control mechanisms and greater dialogue between the government and civil society, could the registration methodology of traditional territories be improved and gain more acceptance. This article will expose the important contribution of the National Council of Traditional Peoples and Communities (CNPCT), plus its partner organizations and social movements, to the definition of guidelines and safeguards that must be considered when registering in the CAR the territories of Traditional Peoples and Communities. Changes in the execution of public projects coordinated by the Brazilian Forest Service and consistent improvement of the database module have been possible thanks to this open dialogue.
FNDF Semi-arid Rural Environmental Registry Public Call: Experiences, Results and Perspectives Brazilian Forest Service, Brazil National Fund for Forest Development (FNDF) Semi-Arid Rural Environmental Registry public call was launched with the aim of making 56 thousand registrations in the Rural Environmental Registry in the Brazilian semi-arid region, aiming to increase the regularization of small rural properties in this region. The result was the hiring of five private non-profit institutions that developed projects for the realization of rural property inscriptions of family agriculture and traditional peoples and communities. This public call made possible the innovation in methods and technologies for the realization of the registration in the CAR very successful. In view of the positive results obtained in the field and with the information on the basis of SiCAR, the Brazilian Forest Service decided to develop the second phase with the objective of promoting the recomposition of the vegetation cover in the areas of the first public call.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-10: Efficiency and Growth Effects of Land Interventions Session Chair: Michael Toman, World Bank, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 10-100 | |||||||||||||
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Legitimizing the State or a Grievance?: Land Restitution and Titling in Colombia Columbia University, United States of America Can granting formal property rights incentivize political engagement or help rebuild war-torn communities? This paper examines whether the formal recognition of a right----in particular, a formal property right to land---affects an individual's incentives to engage in politics. Theoretically, I argue that formal property rights are powerful symbols that legitimize claim-making and incentivize property owners to engage in politics. However, this impact is conditional on the broader institutional environment and whether the state can adequately guarantee rights. I examine titling programs in Colombia's countryside, including an ambitious land restitution policy targeted specifically at victims of internal displacement and armed conflict. I find evidence that formalization is associated with increases in voter turnout, use of courts, and willingness to engage in politics, but only in areas with weak institutions. I support these findings with qualitative evidence suggesting that property rights have a symbolic importance that goes beyond changes in tenure security.
Land and Growth World Bank, United States of America Land and Growth Firms need capital, labor and land to produce output. More efficient firms can produce more output if they have better access to factors of production. While there may not be such a thing as a perfectly efficient factor allocation, there are huge gains to be made by reducing factor misallocation. However, our knowledge of which factor market is more distorted is still at an early stage. Might it be the case that land markets are much more distorted than capital and labor markets in developing countries? If yes, there is huge need and scope to scale up investments in advisory services focused on land and growth.
Property Rights Reforms and Local Economic Development: Evidence from Mexico UC Berkeley, United States of America A recent literature explores the effects of rural land titling programs on labor reallocation. Yet, we have little evidence on the second-order effects titling programs can have on the non-agricultural sector for both local areas and surrounding cities. This paper fills that gap by using the rollout of the Mexican land title program Procede together with restricted-access data on non-agricultural firms. We employ a panel fixed effects research design to control for the non-random rollout of the program. Our preliminary results suggest that outmigration, as opposed to increased local labor supply or income effects, from rural areas is the likely dominating force with total wages and the number of large firms decreasing. The results of the land reform are heterogeneous – areas favorable to agriculture have differentially more firms, driven primarily by small-scale manufacturing, but lower wages. Further iterations of this paper will include analysis on cities and agricultural production.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-11: Can Blockchain Technology support Land Administration? Session Chair: Marcela Villarreal, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Italy | ||||||||||||
MC C1-100 | |||||||||||||
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Blockchain, Real Estate, and Land Governance New America, United States of America The paper gives a sense of the current state of affairs with blockchain and land registries as well as a sense how it is evolving. After observing some larger trends in blockchain in the forward, the paper makes a broad case as to why blockchain make sense for Real Estate in the introduction. From there the paper has four sections. First, it covers what we consider to be the seven essential prerequisites before blockchains are introduced into a land registry. Second, we introduced a conceptual framework of eight levels of integration from the most simple to the most radical. Third, we consider five specific cases ranging from title insurance to regulation and how they will change in the not too distant future. Finally, we consider six case studies of companies that are already active in the space.
Blockchain Technology: The Safest Way For Better Land Governance? Thomson Reuters Bolivia s.r.l. This paper includes a thorough review of current potential applicability of Blockchain for land administration, but also weighs this against the barriers to applicability, as briefly noted in this abstract. We know that Blockchain is not a panacea for all inefficiencies or governance challenges when implementing a modern, fair and efficient land registry. In my capacity as a Thomson Reuters technologist, this paper draws on the research and deployment occurring within my corporation. Across these professions the notion of Blockchain is gaining incredible hype. While there is optimism, there is also equal skepticism. Above all, there is clouded confusion on the merits and technical applicability of this new emerging potentially disruptive technology. This paper will help clarify what a Blockchain really is, and provide a practical approach to making incremental steps toward adoption. Governments have an opportunity to lead the adoption of this technology before industries.
Evaluating the Use of Blockchain in Land Transactions: An Archival Science Perspective The University of British Columbia, Canada Land transaction records are among the most important records a society generates. Blockchain is a new technology that has the potential to radically alter the recording of land titles and ownership transfers. Proponents of blockchain’s use for land transaction recordkeeping point to its many advantages. Any technology that changes the manner in which land transactions are recorded also raises questions about its impact upon long-term availability of authentic records and compliance with information-related laws and regulations. The objective of this paper is to explore recordkeeping issues using an archival science theoretic lens to help those considering the application of blockchain technology in land administration gain a clearer picture of its potential impact on land ownership recordkeeping.
What Should We (Not) Do With Land Administration Data? The Risk Of Privatization And Blockchain`s Code As Law Dutch Cadastre, Land Registry and Mapping Agency (Kadaster), Netherlands, The This paper concerns the possible use of Land Administration data and the (legal) requirements that have to be met. Since data seems to be a real asset, (even) Land Registries are of interest of private companies. Privatization is one of the more recent developments. In a few countries the first steps have been taken to privatize their Land Administration systems. Next to that, new technology e.g. blockchain has an impact on (the independence of) Land Registries. The (legal) demands for a blockchain-based Land Administration system are described in this paper. The paper does not only cover questions related to preventing fraud (independence institutions), it also describes some trends and technological issues and developments (e.g. Blockchain, Big Data and Linked Data) and the legal questions deriving from these developments. It all comes down to data, the true meaning of the data, its quality and the question who owns the data.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-12: Securing Women's Land Rights in Customary Systems Session Chair: Caleb Stevens, USAID, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC C1-200 | |||||||||||||
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Women’s Land Rights as a Pathway to Poverty Reduction A Framework and Review of Available Evidence 1IFPRI, United States of America; 2Oxford University This paper reviews the qualitative and quantitative literature on women’s land rights (WLR) and poverty reduction. It uses a systematic review search methodology, and synthetic approach to assess the level of evidence and agreement within this literature. The evidence is strong for relationships between WLR and bargaining power and decision making on consumption, human capital investment, and intergenerational transfers, with weaker evidence on the relationship between WLR and natural resource management, government services and institutions, empowerment and domestic violence, resilience and HIV risk, and consumption and food security. Gaps in the evidence arise from a failure to account for the complexity of land rights regimes, the measurement of land rights at the household level, the lack of attention paid to gender roles, and the lack of studies from countries outside Africa, but these gaps should not deter careful design and implementation of programs and policies to strengthen women’s land rights.
Exploring Gender-Biased Customary Land Tenure Systems in Ghana: Results from Focus Groups with Men and Women Farmers in the Northern Region Social Science Research Center at Mississippi State University, United States of America This qualitative study used a focus group research design to investigate gender and land tenure dynamics in rural communities in the Northern Region of Ghana, where approximately 73.7 percent of adults are engaged in agricultural production, primarily as smallholder farmers (Ghana Statistical Service, 2013). The research team is interested in investigating the effects of gender equity within customary land tenure systems as they pertain to agricultural productivity among smallholder men and women soybean farmers. Specifically, our research instrument focuses on generational transfer of land and women farmers’ rights to land (access to and stability of tenure) as a preliminary step in exploring gender-biased customary land tenure and agricultural output among soybean farmers. We conducted six focus group discussions (N = 72)—three women-only focus groups and three men-only focus groups—in three districts in the Northern Region where soybean is grown as both a cash crop and a subsistence crop.
Ensuring Gender Mainstreaming in the Design and Implementation of REDD + Related Activities World Bank, United States of America to be filled
Innovations in Securing Land and Resource Rights for the Poor and Women in Customary Settings: the Case of Chamuka Chiefdom, Zambia 1UN-HABITAT/GLTN, Kenya; 2His Royal High Chief Chamuka IV, Chisamba, Zambia; 3People’s Process on Housing and Poverty in Zambia Most countries have progressively passed laws that protect tenure of security for customary land on which the most of the rural people depend for their livelihoods, however, implementation is low, in part, due to lack of affordable land tools. This study presents experiences of issuance of certificates of customary land rights occupancy (CCROs) in the Chiefdom of Chamuka in Central Zambia. Following the pilot implementation of CCROs in Chamuka area, using the Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM) by the Global Land Tool Network and the People’s Process on Housing and Poverty in Zambia (PPHPZ), there is improved voices of poor people and women in local and national dialogues on land with their chiefs and local government authorities; the Katuba Women’s Association is emerging as a powerful voice for women on land in Zambia.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 02-13: Implementing Land Administration Projects Session Chair: Rexford Ahene, LAFAYETTE COLLEGE/ FAO-NRC, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 4-100 | |||||||||||||
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Improved land registration in Plateau State and its impact on land market and government revenue 1Plateau Ministry of Lands, Survey and Town Planning, Nigeria; 2Thomson Reuters, Canada; 3Teqbridge Ltd., Nigeria This paper describes the encouraging business benefits on the land market and government revenue after delivering the upgrade of the Plateau Geographical Information System (PLAGIS) in 2015. The Plateau government invested in the whole process to enhance institutional framework and provide a streamlined solution to the Ministry of Lands, Survey and Town Planning. To conclude, a final section of this paper focuses on the positive impact in a business indicator related to property registry by transforming the Land Registry Office in an example of land governance and revenue generator from increasing land transactions and for the recovery of the public confidence in the institution. The changes in reducing the duration of time to issue land property C of Os created a better business environment in Plateau and an assurance from the general public related to transparency, which mitigates corruption at the government level and also support breakdown bureaucratic bottlenecks.
Meeting the Governance Challenges of Agriculture Land Registration in Nigeria Hohenheim University, Germany This paper addresses the need for meeting the governance challenges of agricultural land registration in Nigeria. This variable was investigated in the premises that land for agricultural purposes has not attained its full potentials in Nigeria. Whereas, Nigeria has a total land mass of 923,738 Square Kilometers of which only 3 percent is registered, thereby leaving the sum of 97% unregistered. The effect is shown in the fact that farmer will become vulnerable in the case of land expropriations and government acquisition of land resulting in low agricultural investment from both subsistence and commercial farmers. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to ascertain the challenges involved in titling and registering agricultural land and the extent to which agricultural land registration could benefit small farmer holders that are considered land rich and cash poor in the use of land for agricultural purposes.
Digital Cadastre with Manual Land Tenure Systems Scale-Up in Ethiopia 1NIRAS Responsible And Innovative Land Administration(REILA_2) Projec In Ethiopia; 2Ministry Of Agriculture and Natural Resource Rural Land Administration and Use Directorate; 3Hanas Luftbild The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a large, ecologically diverse country with nine regions. Though the land administration is legislated at the federal level, the regional states have significant powers to adopt the legislation according to their social needs. In an effort to accelerate the land administration services and promote standardization across all regions, the National Rural Land Administration Information System (NRLAIS) was developed for the Rural Land Administration and Use Directorate of the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Responsible and Innovative Land Administration (REILA) I and II projects are supporting the Directorate, funded by MFA Finland and implemented by NIRAS as a lead company (DAI as a partner in REILA II). NRLAIS developed in line with the current semi-digital land tenure procedures, parcel identifications as a pipeline. The system will now be scaled-up across the regions along existing manual land tenure archiving practices.
Best Practice in Land Administration Project Implementation: Challenging Existing Orthodoxies in Customary Land Governance in Ghana KNUST, Ghana This paper assesses the extent to which the Ghana Land Administration Project (LAP) established Customary Land Secretariats (CLSs) as a ‘best practice’ mechanism in challenging the existing orthodoxies of oral land grants, marginalization of women’s land rights and the general lack of transparency and accountability in customary land governance has achieved these objectives. Mixed methods were used in 12 selected CLSs and the results showed appreciable progress in the documentation of land transactions with over 39,000 documentations in the CLSs covered, improved women’s land rights and involvement in land related decision-making processes. However, the customary authorities were the dominant actors in the land decision making processes with negative implications for transparency and accountability. The study concludes that the CLS is a vital structure for improved customary land governance and recommends a third phase of LAP for sustained efforts at improving land governance in Ghana.
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12:00pm - 2:00pm | Lunch | ||||||||||||
Front Lobby and Preston Lounge | |||||||||||||
12:00pm - 2:00pm | Women's caucus | ||||||||||||
MC 6-100 | |||||||||||||
12:30pm - 2:00pm | 00-12: Plenary: Using the SDGs to institutionalize reporting & analysis of land data Session Chair: Yongyi Min, United Nations, United States of America VC with FAO - Rome | ||||||||||||
Preston Auditorium | |||||||||||||
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Enabling Gender-Disaggregated Reporting on Land Ownership and Use: How FAO Collaborates with Partners to Make It Possible FAO, Italy to be filled
Helping to Establish the Methodology for Country-level Data Collection on Key (Urban) Land Data Globally: The Role of UN Habitat UN-HABITAT, Kenya to be filled Moving SDG indicators 1.4.2. & 5.a.1 to tier I: Why and how World Bank, United States of America Although land rights are of paramount importance for a host of development outcomes and millions of dollars are spent on programs to improve land rights, weak and non-comparable data make it difficult to coherently identify gaps, orient policy dialogue, assess interventions’ effectiveness and sustainability, thus providing the basis for a concerted public and private sector effort to make land rights more secure for all. Inclusion of land related indicators under the SDGs provides a unique opportunity to address this gap. The presentation will highlight custodians’ efforts to move towards tier I in three areas, namely (i) methodology development to provide relevant data; (ii) efforts to expand ramp up household survey and administrative data collection and the opportunities these create; and (iii) initiatives to build analytical capacity and global reporting to ensure data are used and feed into ongoing land policy dialogues.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-01: Urban Development: Rebuild and Plan Ahead Session Chair: Patrick Lamson-Hall, New York University Marron Institute, United States of America | ||||||||||||
Preston Auditorium | |||||||||||||
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Making Room for Urban Expansion in Colombia New York University, United States of America This paper reports on the experience gained so far at the NYU Urban Expansion Program in working with two intermediate-size, rapidly growing cities in Colombia, Valledupar and Monteria, in making preparations for their coming expansion. The municipalities of these two cities, with the support of NYU, have embarked on a simple four-point action program to make room for accommodating their growing populations. The action program focuses on making realistic 30-year projections of land needs, ensuring the administrative jurisdiction of projected areas of expansion, preparing an arterial road grid in these areas and securing the rights-of-way of the entire grid now, and creating an institutional framework for protecting public open spaces in the expansion area. Both cities have made significant progress in implementing their respective action programs. We report on the process they followed, the lessons learned, and the prospects for similar initiatives in other countries, both in Latin America and elsewhere.
Making Room for Urban Expansion in Ethiopia Ministry of Urban Development and Housing, Ethiopia to be filled Using Land Value Capture in Transport Oriented Development in Cape Town City of Cape Town, South Africa The presentation provides an assessment of tools that the City of Cape Town has developed with a range of professional teams to understand land use values and options within a TOD strategy which can assist decision-makers in pursuing their policy goals. It provides context for the work which has been done to produce management data in a Medium Term Infrastructure Investment Framework (MTIIF), the constraints and potential of this data, and further areas for public policy option development and decision-analysis in building a more resilient city. This is critical work for the City of Cape Town as it moves to address the shocks and stresses of historic spatial, social, and economic inequality and become a government which is driven by data and firm public policy research in ways that enable the optimal pursuit of strategy, financial and budget alignment, and meaningful engagements with all stakeholders, from the market to communities.
Urban Growth Scenarios: Perspectives from Jordan, Indonesia, Côte d'Ivoire and Mexico CAPSUS S.C. Urban Growth Scenarios (UGS) gather the main urban concerns that a city is facing and model the effects of possible solutions to such problems in a range of indicators. With UGS local stakeholders can simulate land use and population density changes, and visualize the potential effects of different urban policies. The outcomes from UGS can be used by local governments to create consensus, request funding and disseminate potential benefits of their projects. In this presentation we share reflections about the implementation of Urban Growth Scenarios in 45 cities in four different countries: Côte d’Ivoire, Indonesia, Jordan and Mexico.
Evaluating the Impacts of the Dar es Salaam BRT System 1World Bank; 2Stanford University; 3London School of Economics Rapidly growing cities across the developing world are making large investments in transport infrastructure to increase urban mobility, boost employment and productivity, and improve the social and economic lives of residents. We evaluate the impacts of one such investment: a new Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The first BRT line opened in May 2016, and up to five additional lines are planned over the coming decade. We identify causal impacts through a spatial triple-differences approach, combined with a general equilibrium model of economic activity. We also experimentally test two complementary interventions to increase access to transport for the urban poor: (i) a fare subsidy to make BRT travel more affordable, and (ii) a location subsidy to offset rising costs of living in BRT-proximate neighborhoods. These experiments will inform fare pricing, affordable housing, and transit-oriented development policies, as well as produce key elasticities for the model.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-02: Towards more evidence-based land sector engagement in Africa Session Chair: Michael Kirk, University of Marburg, Germany | ||||||||||||
MC 13-121 | |||||||||||||
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Charting new ground: Towards an evidence-based approach to capitalize on Africa's land resources World Bank, United States of America
Reaping the Dividends of an Improved Land Administration System in Rwanda: A Post-land Tenure Regularisation Reflection Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD), Kenya to be filled
Improving land taxation in Africa: Practical ways for moving ahead African Tax Institute, University of Pretoria ..
Improving Africa's Analytical Capacity on Land African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Kenya ..
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-03: Increasing own-source revenue generation via improving land records Session Chair: Roland White, The World Bank, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 2-800 | |||||||||||||
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Property Tax Reform World Bank, United States of America Property tax reform
Land Taxes: An Opportunity to Make Urbanization Self-financing International Growth Centre, United Kingdom As cities develop, they experience massive land value appreciation. Rising land values are not generated by the actions of the owner, but by an overall increase in demand for land, as well as infrastructure paid for with public funds. The government therefore has a clear ethical right to urban land value appreciation. Furthermore, if the government can capture rising urban land values, it can spark a virtuous cycle where rising land values fund the infrastructure investments that make the city more productive. Yet many African cities have been unable to leverage rising land values for the common good, and instead appreciation is being captured by landowners. This presentation discusses potential ways to overcome political and administrative hurdles to increased land taxation in African cities.
The Potential for Taxing Urban Vacant Land in Kampala, Uganda International Growth Centre, Uganda In addition to the lost value, vacant urban land also presents a major urban planning challenge to cities. For example, in Kampala, there is a substantial amount of vacant land in the city centre as this is also where its value is high. This is inefficient for city growth, from a connectivity and a density perspective. Taxing land, however, can be an unpopular and therefore politically difficult undertaking. To be able to tax vacant land, national legislation will have to change and for KCCA to advocate for this, they will have to assess its necessity and feasibility in the context of Kampala. Therefore, this paper at the direct request and in close conjunction with the KCCA, will then use the urban cadastre from the central division to evaluate potential options that KCCA may have for introducing such a tax.
Harnessing Zambia’s Land Potential Ministry of Land and Natural Resources, Zambia To be
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-04: Harnessing the Benefits from a NSDI: Country Cases Session Chair: Maurice Barbieri, CLGE (Council of European Geodetic Surveyors), Switzerland | ||||||||||||
MC 6-860 | |||||||||||||
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Measuring Geospatial Maturity; a First Step Towards Sensible, Sustainable and Resilient Investment Ordnance Survey, United Kingdom Accessible, accurate and high quality geospatial data is a fundamental enabler to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Information about location and place enables a visual understanding of both the present and the future, providing officials with an accurate and reliable view of their world. Increasingly seen as part of a nation’s digital infrastructure, geospatial data is being viewed as ‘infrastructure for infrastructure’ - fundamental data underpinning government decision making, economic growth and the creation of citizen-centric services within more resilient communities. Governments are therefore investing in geospatial data not simply to develop infrastructure and services but as a direct driver of economic growth and innovation. Growing this geospatial capability at both an agency and federal level has never been more important. This paper introduces Ordnance Survey’s geospatial maturity tool and the benefits it brings to governments seeking to deliver sustainable economic and societal outcomes for their nations.
Spatial Data Infrastructure Diagnostic Tool - Partnerships for Implementation 1Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN, Italy; 2World Bank, USA; 3Senior Geospatial Consultant The World Bank in cooperation with the FAO launched the development of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Diagnostic Tool and Economic-Business Case Analyses in December 2016. Initial testing of the tool has been completed in nine countries. Recognizing the need to develop strategic partnerships for support to countries, especially in the developing world, the World Bank signed an agreement with the United National Global Geospatial Information Management Group in August 2017. The main objectives of the collaboration are to: (i) Develop an overarching Geospatial Framework and (ii) Assist countries to prepare and implement country level Action Plans. Under the World Bank-FAO Cooperation Program, several countries have been supported to develop and test the diagnostic tool, prepare country level action plans and look for possible sources of financing. This paper will present the SDI action plans of several countries from different regions as well as the cross-regional knowledge sharing.
Open Data and Spatial Data Infrastrcuture Develpment in Moldova Agency for Land Relations and Cadastre of Moldova, Moldova Since independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Moldova has made great progress in land property management, thanks to the World Bank and other international organizations. In April 2012, the Government of Moldova joined the Open Government Partnership initiative where it committed to increase public access to information, promote transparency of governance and ensure citizens’ participation to governance, by using advanced information technologies. The open data principles are facilitates citizens’ access to the data of the ministries and central public administration. The main objective of the given report is an analysis of Open Data and NSDI development in Moldova. Special attention is paid to key actors as data users of geospatial information in Moldova, interested central and local public authorities, private sector, research organizations and NGO which benefit from the geospatial information, especially aerial photography, orthophotos, elevation/digital terrain model and base maps.
SERBIAN NSDI DIGITAL PLATFORM: „Collect. Connect. Create.“ — Our words for the future Republic Geodetic Authority, Serbia This paper presents the new digital platform of Serbian SDI in order to improve land governance and achieve the Global Agenda, to support government and municipal authorities form Serbia and the region. Presents the new way to make better use of the infrastructure data and services with good practice use cases from Serbia for the use of geospatial data and services through one, public web application for all citizens. New platform connects data from the government, regional and local municipalities, academia, researches and private sector creating added value service for government, market and society. With crowdsourcing functionality, platform ensures participation of the society and citizens creating governments that are more transparent and better service delivery at all levels as well as enabling citizens to actively participate in the democratic process.
The legal component, one of the key segments for NSDI development in Republic of Macedonia Agency for Real Estate Cadastre, Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of According with the legal regulation of Republic of Macedonia, the national spatial data infrastructure (NSDI) is establishing technological, legal and administrative framework for inter-institutional cooperation, which supports the initiatives for e-government and enables the integration of the spatial data from different sources into one network. NSDI law of Republic of Macedonia was adopted by parliament in 2014 (http://nipp.katastar.gov.mk/geoportalCms/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/law-on-NSDI-eng.pdf). After the adoption of the Law on NSDI, we started its implementation. First of all, according to the Law was to establish the NSDI governance structure, and then move towards realization of the technical component-development and implementation of the National geo-portal.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-05: Francophone Regional Panel: Bottom Up Land Administration Session Chair: Sarah Hayes, Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, France | ||||||||||||
MC 7-860 | |||||||||||||
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The Challenges of Multi-Level and Multi-Stakeholder Land Tenure Projects - The case of Burundi - Abstract ZOA INTERNATIONAL-BURUNDI, Burundi Since 2007, attempts have been made to set up land security projects in Burundi. The main concern was to secure land tenure in the context of widespread tenure insecurity. In the context of an alarming increase in insecurity of land tenure, exacerbated by refugee return, the government adopted a new land policy in 2011. Neverthless, many Multidimensional challenges are observed in land tenure management. On the one hand, there are the challenges (1) relating to the strategies, techniques, practices and approaches to be adopted for sound land registration and certification; (2) on the other hand, there are the challenges concerning the different levels of decision-making and intervention in this sector. Furthermore, there are the choices made by donors and the financial means available. The Struggle of NGOs and Government's institutions is now based on how to mount a harmonized and efficient model of project that can be capitalizable for all the Country.
Contribution Of Pngt2-3 To the Generalization Of The Application Of Law 034-2009 / An On The Burkina Faso Rural Land Regime: Success - Insufficiency And Lessons Learned 1Observatoire National du Foncier au Burkina Fas; 2Deuxième Programme National de Gestion des Terroirs The implementation of the PNGT2 since 2002 is a kind of the operationalization of the National Program in relationship to Decentralized Rural Development. Its goal is to achieve sustainable improvement in the productive capacity of rural resources (natural, physical, financial, human) and the emergence of a more vibrant local economy through empowered rural communities and leading their own local development process. The Program runs in three (3) 5-year phases. It is executed through strategic priority components. For this paper, we will focus on the application of the Rural Land Regime and Strengthening of Conflict Resolution Mechanisms at the Local Level. Through this component, it will be necessary to document the achievements of the program in terms of contribution to the generalization of Law 034-2009 / AN of 16 June 2009 on rural land tenure.
Côte d’Ivoire The Implementation Of The Rural Land Ownership Law 1GEOFIT, France; 2Agence foncière rurale (AFOR).; 3CETIF Facing increasing rural land disputes and aware of the need to formulate durable solutions to rural land management, Côte d’Ivoire has passed a legislation (number 98-750), on December 23, 1998, relative to rural land ownership. The main objective of the rural land law is to legalize the traditional ownership rights on rural land through the issuance of land certificates following official surveys. For many reasons, especially linked to the country’s political instability over the period 2000 to 2010, the implementation of this law started on a low pace, but it has gained momentum in the last few years, regarding quantity and quality; and it is now a priority in government rural development policy, leading to create of the Rural Land Ownership Agency (AFOR), This paper reviews the various ongoing 98 rural law implementation projects , providing both qualitative and quantitative inputs to better asses its application and social acceptance.
Scaling-up Effective Land Administration in Urban DRC: A Case Study of a Pilot Project in Beni, North Kivu. 1UN-Habitat/Global Land Tool Network; 2Université Chrétienne Bilingue du Congo (UCBC) While DR Congo’s ongoing volatility has many layers and factors, insecure land tenure persists as important source of antagonisms, violence and insecurity, as well as an impediment for development and economic growth. This paper argues that land interventions aimed at scaling an improved Land Information System in DRC requires fostering commitment, cooperation and coordination between the land administration, various levels of governmental authorities as well as a broader of community actors. In making this argument, this paper analyzes the lessons learned by a multi-actor collaboration in Beni, DR Congo, where state and non-state actors are partnering to implement a contextualized version of GLTN's Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM), which is complemented by the creation of a Land Stewardship Committee designed to serve as an avenue for communication and action between all land agents.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-06: Can Supply Chain Management Help Improve Land Governance? Session Chair: Mario Cerutti, Luigi Lavazza SPA, Italy | ||||||||||||
MC 6-100 | |||||||||||||
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Leveraging Big Data to Promote Sustainable Supply Chains: The Case of Paraguay’s Beef Sector 1USAID Tenure and Global Climate Change Project, Tetra Tech; 2World Resources Institute Cattle ranching is expanding in the Paraguayan Chaco and has contributed to the degradation and loss of forests and associated ecosystem services. Today, most land in the Paraguayan Chaco is private land, with a significant amount also in large public protected areas. Deforestation rates on private lands are considerably higher than on indigenous lands and lands in the public protected estate. As cattle production expands, the risk of more deforestation on private lands is high. Protecting the land rights of indigenous peoples could help secure their livelihoods and protect the remaining forests in the Paraguayan Chaco. This paper describes an assessment of the deforestation and land rights risks to meatpackers sourcing cattle from the Paraguayan Chaco, as well as the development of a bottom up platform for documenting indigenous claims to land in this region.
Can Consumer-Led Initiatives Reinforce Government Action To Arrest Tropical Deforestation Driven By Industrial Agriculture? Natural Capital Advisors, United States of America Theme: New rigorous impact evaluations on scalable approaches toward strengthening land governance. Industrial agriculture—mainly for export commodities like oil palm, beef, and soy—drives most deforestation in the tropics, and the forest clearing is often illegal. This masterclass evaluates whether actions taken by consumers in conjunction with governments can help reverse the patterns of forest loss in the tropics. Experience suggests that in order to reverse commodity-driven deforestation in the tropics, two mutually reinforcing approaches are necessary, and neither sufficient alone: government action is needed to rationalize and enforce land use laws, and consumer initiatives are needed that push agribusiness to be both responsible (e.g., zero-deforestation) and legal.
Multi-level public-private governance arrangements for sustainable palm oil in Indonesia Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Indonesia This work examines the potential and limits of private and public sector arrangements to advance sustainable palm oil supply. Using a multi-level focus which drills down from national level to specific ‘case study” provinces, we analyze connections between subnational actors influencing decisions at higher governance levels and vice versa. We look at Central and West Kalimantan, important frontiers of oil palm expansion, where provincial governments have made commitments to advance sustainability in their jurisdictions through jurisdictional approaches. Based on interviews to key informants, literature review, and discussions with key stakeholders we characterize the main institutional arrangements, and analyze their potential and limitations, and the tensions, contradictions and complementarities to implement the public and/or private sustainability agenda, and the prevailing structural and operational constraints limiting progress.
Are Sustainable Pathways Possible for Oil Palm Development in Latin America? 1ENSAIA, Nancy, France.; 2Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.; 3CIRAD - Forests and Societies research unit, Montpellier, France.; 4CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.; 5ICRAF, Lima, Peru. The palm oil sector in Latin America emerged in the 1930s with investments of private industries. After a long period of poor development, the sector has known a new youth in the 1970s with the involvement of the States. Public incentives then favored an agro-industrial business model. Since the 1980s it has been experiencing a promotion of more growers’ inclusion in the value chain, local development and sustainability of production. ‘Strategic alliances’ and ‘social sector’ models emerged as answers to this demand. They now represent almost 30% of the regional production. The agro-industrial sector is also moving towards a more sustainable production by adopting the RSPO criteria and certification, and by developing ‘strategic alliances’, with the support of national public policies. Latin America appears on the way to lead sustainability in the palm oil sector. But challenges are numerous and the way is still long and perilous.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-07: Community-Led Land Governance Session Chair: Esther Mwangi, Center for International Forestry Research, Kenya | ||||||||||||
MC 7-100 | |||||||||||||
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Examining the Real Costs of Community-led Rights Documentation from USAID’s Experience in Burma and Zambia USAID Tenure and Global Climate Change Project, Tetra Tech As mobile technologies, crowd sourcing and batch processing of data offer the potential to scale-up national efforts to document land rights, there has been pressure to reduce the per-unit cost of documentation, in order to make large-scale systematic registration viable. However, many global programs cite the cost purely of data collection in the field, and not the full range of other activities that lead to a successful registration (and ultimately administration) program. Over the past five years, USAID’s TGCC program has undertaken household land documentation in Zambia and community land documentation in Burma offering lessons on the real costs of rights documentation approaches. We find that data collection costs represent only a fraction of the total cost and effort and broader considerations should be accounted for. This paper explores costs associated with piloting and estimated costs for a scalable approach.
Mapping Community Land in Mozambique: Opportunities and Challenges for Combining Technology with Good Land Governance 1Community Land initiative (iTC); 2Cadasta Foundation This paper discusses opportunities and challenges for the integration and combination of a participatory mapping and high-resolution satellite within the community land delimitation process. Based on the principle that information is crucial for decision making at the local and provincial level, the paper discusses the benefits of associating the CADASTA platform approach with community delimitation processes, where information gathered through a participatory process at the community level, can improve land use planning and inform decisions for land-based investments. The discussion will be based in a context of existing land information management systems (SiGIT), and the opportunities and challenges for accessing, archiving, and print information. Making these maps available for the public (including the community) is considered to be a key point for participatory planning and inclusive land-based investments.
What do communities want from land reform? A socio-technical exploration of community-led land rights documentation projects 1Land Equity International, Australia; 2Cadasta Foundation; 3KU Leuven Mobile penetration and technology advances, together with guidelines such as ‘fit-for-purpose’ have arguably largely solved the problem of ‘insufficient technical capacity’. What remain are the social, institutional and political questions that will fundamentally impact success or failure as well as the sustainable implementation of land administration activities once the project is completed. In the land administration literature, these socio-technical elements have been under-researched, and are typically under-reported, or simply not considered, in project monitoring and evaluation. This paper explores the application of an assemblage methodology to represent and interrogate the complex connections between the actors, structures and technologies that form the implementation of land administration at the local level. It focuses on community-led land rights documentation, as these projects present a significant opportunity to understand local values relating to land and land rights. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the socio-institutional aspects that drive land reform success.
"Rethinking Customary Land Governance, Fiduciary Duties and Development Opportunities form a Real Estate Management Perspective" LAFAYETTE COLLEGE/ FAO-NRC, United States of America The generally accepted definition of land governance demands fiduciary standards related to governance and management; studying and identifying basic problems occurring within the land administration system. Accordingly, effective customary land management should result in the most rational use of a community’s land resources qualified by the land tenure and ownership structure. This include sustainable management of growth and population dynamics, environment management and protection of valuable areas, development and monitoring land market opportunities, and the best use of land assets of the community, taking into consideration the rules of sustainable development. This paper uses a real estate management lens to examine whether examples of customary land governance and fiduciary practices in Ghana and Sierra Leone deviates from the asset management expectations required to achieve the highest and best use of land as a valuable sustaining community asset.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-08: The Link Between Planning and Urban Expansion Session Chair: Luis Triveno, World Bank, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 8-100 | |||||||||||||
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Enabling Market to Deliver Affordable Urban Land and Housing at Scale: What Can We Learn and Adapt from China to Ethiopia? 1World Bank; 2The Ministry of Urban Development and Housing Ethiopia is urbanizing rapidly and faces tremendous challenge in delivering affordable land and housing at scale. With a public land ownership regime, the country has taken steps to enable market forces to shape the allocation of urban land through the land lease system. Despite progress made, supply of land, housing, and financing needed for urbanization has been lagging. Access to urban land continues to be one of the key constraints for business. An estimated 70–80 percent of the urban population lives in informal dwellings. China’s successful urbanization has been underpinned by land reforms, which enabled the trading of land use rights and a market-driven land allocation, Moreover, urban china has successfully delivered affordable housing at scale, with an average of 5.56 million units constructed every year. This paper reviews China’s experience with rapid urbanization supported by land-based infrastructure financing, with a focus on the lessons learned, adaption needed, and pitfalls to be voided.
Land Use Problems and Land Management: A Land Inventory Study in Istanbul 1Avrasya Land Management and Urban Regeneration Strategy Development Center, Istanbul - Turkey; 2Emlak Konut Real Estate Investment Trust, Turkey; 3Okan University, Geomatics Engineering Department, Turkey In Turkey; integrated land management policies to ensure the protection of our country’s natural, ecological, and cultural assets as well as sustainable development of its resources are required. Creation of an “land resource inventory” is a top priority for sustainable land management. This paper seeks an answer to question how it can be achieved land management that meets national needs and expectations by adopting the principles of “Sustainability” and “Integrated Approach.” At this point, the study adopts a holistic perspective as it examines the entire land asset of Istanbul, which is the heart of finance and Turkey’s most populated metropolitan area with its natural structure, historical and cultural accumulation, and industrial structure. The study involves compiling a “land inventory” and “land use plans with the 1/25000 scale” to managing Istanbul’s all land assets centrally as well as creating policies and strategies for such management.
Spatial Planning Beyond Boundaries GIZ, India Spatial Planning in India is still mostly limited to the urban agglomerations. With a strong urban growth a new type of urbanism arises, that seems to be neither rural nor urban. This so called “Peri-Urban” growth encompasses a large amount of valuable land, and if not regulated, causes high costs for the construction of public (technical) infrastructure and leads to conflicts with other land uses such as agriculture or with environmentally protected areas . Consistent and systematic spatial planning at the level of the region can be an important contribution to plan the rural-urban linkage and to prevent negative consequences of the aforementioned current spatial developments. In this regard, the Land Use Planning and Management Project, jointly implemented by the Indian Mistry of Rural Development and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, want to revive Spatial District Planning as provided for in the Indian Constitution.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-09: Implementing Land Consolidation in Practice Session Chair: Morten Hartvigsen, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Hungary | ||||||||||||
MC 9-100 | |||||||||||||
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Improving Land Management By Introducing The Achievements Gained Through Pilot Projects Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Directorate for Agricultural Land, Serbia Within the framework of the activities on improving the management of agricultural land at the level of local self-governments in the Republic of Serbia, the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection - Directorate for Agricultural Land and the German Organization for International Cooperation GIZ are implementing the project Strengthening Municipal Land Management in Serbia. In the ongoing project phase the focus is on further improvement of human and institutional capacities in the field of rural development. The project objective is to build up rural development in Serbia through an effective management of agricultural land including implementation of land consolidation schemes, measures to reduce abandoned agricultural land, development and implementation of the land policy programmes and appropriate legal regulations concerning agricultural land. Also, a major part of the project is related to the establishment and further upgrade of an information system for management of agricultural state-owned land.
Making Land Consolidation Feasible in the Western Balkans - Establishing a Focal Sub-Regional Expert Hub GIZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Kosovo Agricultural land fragmentation constrains agricultural development in countries of the Western Balkans on the way to become a member of EU. Investments into effective land consolidation programs contribute towards updated land cadasters, better infrastructure, better rural living and working conditions, increased investments, employment and increased direct and indirect tax revenues. Rural infrastructure can be improved, as state investments in agricultural infrastructure is often followed by much higher private sector investments. After land consolidation, land parcels become attractive for lease, sale and investments. Due to their history, countries in the Western Balkans are now seeking to modernize their mechanisms for land consolidation. The project “Strengthening Spatial Planning and Land Management” funded by the German Government, implemented by GIZ is supporting the Kosovo government in modernizing its legal framework on land consolidation. One approach sustaining the project’s efforts is to strengthen the ties between neighboring countries and establish mechanisms for peer-to-peer learning.
An Evaluation Of Land Consolidation Practices And Impact Assessment Of Projects: A Case Study Of Beyazaltin Village Land Consolidation Project In Eskisehir Province, Turkey 1General Directorate; 2Ankara University An Evaluation Of Land Consolidation Practices And Impact Assessment Of Projects: A Case Study Of Beyazaltin Village Land Consolidation Project In Eskisehir Province, Turkey
Land Consolidation in Kosovo, Constrains and Difficulties Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Gmbh, Kosovo The Republic of Kosovo is a small country in the Southeastern Europe, with an entire territory of 10. 908 km2. As such, it faces a complex situation pertaining to the land administration and ownership matters in general. Aside from a solid legal framework, land fragmentation proves to be the mayor obstacle when it comes to the land use versus spatial planning policies in place. Subsequently, there is a polarized agricultural sector with few large holdings and a large sector of small holdings. One major obstacle impeding land regulation in the field, remains the so called ‘old land consolidation’. This is has started back in 1983-1986 (under the ex YU legislation in force that time), and due to the social and political developments in place, it remains unfinished as of to date. The existing “Law on Land Regulation” follows the principle of voluntary land consolidation, as such not yet implementable.
InteGra Powered PRIDE(TM)s - Resolving the problem of land fragmentation and enhancing crop productivity Tata Consultancy Services, India The present paper addresses the problems related to land fragmentation and provide solutions to increase crop productivity through scientific farming practices, with the help of data science and digital technologies. The InteGra suite of technologies, developed at the Innovation Labs of Tata Consultancy Services enable farmers to record their information digitally, including the farm boundaries. The farm boundaries are documented at geo-spatial database with other relevant characteristics of the lands and crops. The analytical algorithm calculates the area based on the recorded farm boundary, which is further verified with documents available with farmer. The concept of PRIDETM enables the farmers to group themselves and access precision agriculture tools provided through InteGra services to become more competitive in the market. The digital farming services is one of the stepping stone for evergreen revolution and sustainable agriculture. These services are accessed by ~1 million farmers in 12 states of India.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-10: Impact Urban Land Reform on Affordable Housing Session Chair: Eric Heikkila, University of Southern California, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 10-100 | |||||||||||||
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Land Tenure Systems and Urban Land Use: theory, and evidence from Kampala City University of Oxford, United Kingdom The local land tenure systems within Kampala strongly correlate with the density of different types of households and firms. However this simple analysis doesn’t control for the economic geography of the city. Using a Computable Spatial General Equilibrium Model, we develop a benchmark version of a city with firms and households optimally making their location decisions across the urban space, when faced with transport costs for shipping goods, commuting, and a fixed supply of urban land. The model is calibrated using detailed disaggregate data on Kampala, revealing local productivity and amenity parameters. These are explained using city-wide variation in land tenure systems. The evidence reveals that Mailo and Customary land, areas with relatively weak land rights, are particularly dense in informal housing, and difficult for firms to locate on. Simulating changes in local land tenure reveals potential economic benefits of land reform, and the unequal distribution of these welfare gains.
Understanding Housing Consumption Behavior Across The Formal And Informal Land Market Divide: Econometric Estimations And Household Views From Metropolitan Buenos Aires 1Harvard University and Torcuato Di Tella University, Argentine Republic; 2Inter American Development Bank In Latin American metropolitan areas, the mismatch between formal supply and demand for housing and serviced land is generally attributed to the dynamics of land markets including land market regulation. These regulations define an implicit, spatially differentiated upper bound on how many households can be accommodated within the formal housing sector. If the actual population exceeds the absorptive capacity of the formal sector, informal settlements are an inevitable outcome. The challenge addressed in this study is to build on a theoretical model of formal and informal housing sectors, enhancing its potential for application to specific LAC real world context, to understand the housing consumption behavior across the formal and informal land market divide, conditional on the effects of the land use regulations. The empirical estimations are based on innovative data, including households’ income & expenditure data, land use regulation and land prices, covering formal (regulated) and informal land markets.
The Brazilian Housing Program - Minha Casa Minha Vida – Effect on Urban Sprawl Fundacao Getulio Vargas - Sao Paulo, Brazil The Federal Brazilian Housing Subsidy Program “Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida”-PMCMV (My House My Life) was created in 2009 and has been the largest housing Program ever implemented in Latin America. We analyse the effects of the PMCMV on urban sprawl and its trend comparing the urban footprint in 2005 and 2015 and then the change in trend from 1995 to 2005 vis a vis 2005 to 2015, using satellite images. The conclusion is that the Program itself has no significant impact on urban sprawl: municipalities that received investments from the Program did not sprawl more than municipalities that did receive those investments. However, the number of house units do have an impact on the spatial pattern of the urban footprint. This is not a clear indication that the Program is causing sprawl, but it is an evidence that the Program does have an impact on the urban footprint.
Housing at the Centre of Urban Policies: The Case of Peru 129x55, Peru; 2World Bank The “Housing at the Center” requires a paradigm shift from basic construction of houses to a more holistic approach which integrates regulatory frameworks, urban planning and finance, human rights and the need to place people at the center of sustainable urban development. The existing government’s strategy, programs and budget in Peru have been inadequate to the achievement of such goals. In this paper we produce multiple binary indicators for housing deficit that could close these information gaps that prevent housing policies in Peru to be more effective. We do so by using the National Household Surveys from 2001-2016 (near 100,000 questionnaires), where detailed information from the housing characteristics (including land tenure) and its occupants. With this information base, we have been able (i) to characterize the process of housing improvement and (ii) to identify the impact from labor income
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-11: Framing Standards to Anticipate Tomorrow's Technologies Session Chair: Trevor Taylor, OGC, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC C1-100 | |||||||||||||
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The Need For Technology And Approaches Of Tomorrow Kadaster, Netherlands, The The question is if the present technology and approaches will bring us land rights for all and the sustainable development we envisage. In this paper an optimistic view on the path we are on is presented , which does not mean that with the present approaches and level of technology land rights for all will be a fact by 2030. Innovation and the embracement of unforeseen developments are a prerequisite for success.
Megatrends Shaping the Future Cadastral Systems 1Aalto University, Finland; 2National Land Survey of Finland Many wide-reaching global level changes such as digitalization and urbanization are taking place in a modern society. In order to maintain a fully functioning cadastral system, these changes and especially their impacts on cadastral systems need to be noticed. This paper discusses the cadastral systems with the assumptions that megatrends are shaping the future of our society, as well as the way people relate to the spatial objects. We examine the relevant megatrends and their anticipated impacts identified by an expert panel in the context of the Finnish cadastral system. The most significant megatrends to be further analyzed are digital culture, ubiquitous intelligence, increasing trend in transparency, accessibility and open data, urbanization, business ecosystems, new patterns of mobility, global risk society and knowledge-based economy. After that, we reflect the megatrends to answers given by international experts and discuss the anticipated impacts on the cadastral systems at a global scale.
Innovations in Land Data Governance: Unstructured Data, NoSQL, Blockchain, and Big Data Analytics Unpacked Swinburne Business School, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Unstructured data, NoSQL, distributed databases (including blockchain technology), and big data analytics potentially change the landscape for land data creation, management, and dissemination. This paper provides a state-of-the-art examination of cases, prototypes, and demonstrators where these database tools are being explored and applied in the land sector – drawing on a range of international cases. The paper finds that whilst uptake of non-relational and distributed databases is occurring, it still remains largely at the level of demonstrator or pilot. Scaled uptake is occurring slower than anticipated: assessments of the broader impacts on the land sector and broader society remains premature. Meanwhile, emerging distributed analytical databases appear to be under explored. Overall, the examined technologies not only offer new operational approaches for the conventional land sector, but also the creation of entirely new land related services, products, and actors.
Future National Geospatial Agencies: Shaping Their Contribution To Society And The Sustainable Development Goals Ordnance Survey, United Kingdom The increasing reliance on location in the delivery of SDGs is an opportunity for National Mapping and Geospatial Agencies (NMGA). Managing fundamental geospatial data, fit for purpose, maintained and trusted, underpins the integration of all SDG spatial data. Future NMGAs may become data brokers as well as collectors/managers, SDI authorities, service providers and service consumers. NMGAs have to become the ‘go to’ authority for trusted fundamental geospatial data. The future NMGA will connect with government, business, and academia customers. It will be an incubator of change as well as trusted ‘foot on the ground’. The paper illustrates how geospatial information supports the delivery of SDGs, and demonstrates some of the key national changes that will enable this to occur. It draws upon the findings of the 2017 Cambridge Conference, where national mapping, cadaster and geospatial leaders debated these very points.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-12: Making Land Institutions more Gender Sensitive Session Chair: Katia Araujo, Landesa, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC C1-200 | |||||||||||||
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Women's Land Rights and Food Security in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities 1University of Nairobi, Kenya; 2University of Nairobi, Kenya Kenya has made important strides towards enhancing women’s land rights through the 2010 Constitution and the enactment of laws that seek to achieve gender equality. Despite this, there have been mixed results; according to an assessment of the progress of women’s land rights in Kenya’s legal framework in 2017 commissioned by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the country appears to have done well in a few aspects while it has performed dismally in others. Proceeding from this assessment, this paper explores the role that law has played in enabling women to contribute to food security. In doing this, we will identify pathways for enhancing women’s access to land and the shortcomings of the legal framework broadly conceived to include a wide array of actors, structures, and interests in laws, policies, and institutions. We will suggest ways in which women’s land rights can be better secured to promote food security.
Women’s Land Rights in Liberia: How can they be Protected and Strengthened in the Land Reform Process? 1LANDESA, United States; 2Land Governance Support Activity , Liberia; 3Women’s NGO Secretariat of Liberia, Liberia; 4Association of Female Lawyers of Liberia, Liberia Liberia has a pluralistic land tenure system based on statutory and customary laws. In the customary tenure, the land is held in long-term use rights rather than ownership, as it is technically owned by the state, and is also considered to ultimately belong within the customary system to a greater tribal or clan group. Women access customary lands through their male relatives, usually via fathers (before marriage) or husbands, and their land use rights are limited to short-term crops as opposed to their male relatives right to plant long-term crops such as rubber trees. Landesa conducted a women’s land rights study with particular focus on customary land tenure. The study’s findings will help to inform the government and its stakeholders in implementing Liberia's Land Rights Policy (2013) in a gender responsive way and to develop advocacy initiatives related to the promotion and protection of women’s land rights in Liberia.
The Effectiveness of a Social Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) Strategy in Changing Social Attitudes on Equal Rights to Property for Women – The Case of Kosovo USAID Property Rights Program, Tetra Tech The society in Kosovo is considered patriarchal and patrilineal, where property inheritance is traditionally transferred to men. Even though the laws provide equal rights to property for men and women, the social norms continue to encourage patriarchal values that exclude women from property inheritance. This paper will address the social context and norms related to property inheritance, discuss how these have negatively affected women’s ability to inherit and own property, and will describe interventions implemented under the USAID-funded Property Rights Program (PRP), namely a multi-channel Social and Behavior Change Communications (SBCC) campaign, with the aim of countering these negative effects. PRP’s SBCC campaign was designed with the aim to encourage change in beliefs, attitudes and behaviors so that women are seen as capable stewards of property, valued economic actors, and benefiting from tenure security.
Customary land tenurein matrilineal societies of Tanzania: Does inheritance matter?Experience from Morogoro rural district Ardhi University, Tanzania This paper reflects on customary land tenure in matrilineal societies in Tanzania. In large parts of the country, customary land tenure operates under the lineages of patrilineal or matrilineal. The study was conducted in Morogoro Rural District. The area is dominated by Waluguru who traditionally follow the matrilineal system. The available relevant documents were reviewed to provide secondary information. Interviews and life stories were employed to provide primary information about customary land tenure system and trends overtime. The study discovered that inheritance has been a major system of obtaining/transferring land from one generation to another. Moreover, education, monetary economy, land reforms and urbanization have challenged inheritance practices. Apart from that, purchasing and renting are becoming the common mechanisms of obtaining land. The Luguru are constrained by low levels of income and education. The study recommends that, efforts should be directed in education as a tool for improving the income status.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-13: Models for Land Administration Cases Session Chair: Ibrahim Mwathane, Land Development and Governance Institute (LDGI), Kenya | ||||||||||||
MC 4-100 | |||||||||||||
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After the Title? Building a Multi-Stakeholder Platform in Support of Territorial Governance in Honduras 1Property Institute; 2The World Bank; 3Cornell University Land titles are often the object of efforts geared toward securing the land rights of indigenous peoples and promote sustainable development. Although land legalization is a critical step, follow-up action is required to consolidate these rights and unleash their development potential. The proposed paper will examine the process of building a multi-stakeholder platform to promote land governance in the Muskitia region in eastern Honduras. The establishment of this platform follows the government’s formal recognition of the ancestral land rights of the indigenous peoples in Muskitia. Since 2016, the platform has focused on coordinating a development strategy for Muskitia which integrates the indigenous organizations and newly recognized territorial councils. The paper will assess the performance of the platform and compare it to similar processes elsewhere in the world. The paper will identify lessons that can help guide a post-titling agenda and coordinate development strategies with the participation of indigenous organizations.
Sustainability Of Land Use And Land Tenure Systems: A Case Study Of Polatli District In Ankara Province, Turkey Ankara University Sustainability Of Land Use And Land Tenure Systems: A Case Study Of Polatli District In Ankara Province, Turkey
Formalising Land Rental Transactions in Ethiopia – Is Land Certification enough? 1Nathan Associates, United Kingdom; 2DAI, United Kingdom The Land Investment for Transformation Programme (LIFT) funded by UK aid works with the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) to deliver Second Level Land Certificates (SLLC) to smallholder farmers and to create a Rural Land Administration System (RLAS) that will ensure that the register is maintained and land-related transactions are recorded. The introduction of SLLC and RLAS is expected to improve both the administration and management of land in Ethiopia, and contribute to improved productivity and increased growth and incomes. In order to maximise the impact of and leverage the opportunities created by a better functioning land system, LIFT applies a market systems approach to three intervention areas: access to finance, rural land rental and agriculture. The focus of this paper will be the rural land rental market in Ethiopia and how a combination of SLLC, RLAS and market systems thinking allows current constraints in the market to be addressed.
Securing Customary Land Rights For Development In Namibia: Learning From New Approaches, Opportunities And Social Settings. 1Ministry of Land Reform, Namibia; 2Ministry of Land Reform - Project for Communal Land Development. Communal land in Namibia extend over 33.4 million hectares supporting 70% of the population but due to historical legacy and unresolved land issues continue to face lack of investment in farming infrastructure. Tenure insecurity persists in communal areas as very few communities have title to land outside informal traditional tenure arrangements. Although Namibia has made strides towards socio-economic and political development a majority of the population still depend on the land for livelihoods making it increasingly urgent to provide for a mechanisms that safeguards land rights within the community social settings. The paper is informed by the Project for Communal Land Development in efforts to secure group rights in Kavango East and Kavango West. Strategies and lessons learnt from other Regions and projects are explored. Formalising group rights over commonages is expected to spread infrastructure investment across a larger group of people and facilitate economic diversification for improved livelihoods.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 03-14: Roundtable: Land sector impact evaluations Session Chair: Harold Liversage, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Italy | ||||||||||||
MC 2-850 | |||||||||||||
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Opening Remarks UN-Habitat, Kenya Guidelines for Impact Evaluation of Land Tenure and Governance Interventions Millennium Challenge Corporation, United States of America
Discussant Cloudburst Consulting Group, United States of America Discussant World Bank, United States of America Discussant USAID, United States of America Discussant Landesa, United States of America | ||||||||||||
3:30pm - 3:45pm | Coffee Break | ||||||||||||
Front Lobby | |||||||||||||
3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-01: Land Value Capture to Finance Cities Session Chair: Valerie-Joy Santos, World Bank, United States of America | ||||||||||||
Preston Auditorium | |||||||||||||
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Creating Value to Capture It – Property Rights in Nairobi 1Ministry of Land,Housing and Urban Development, Kenya; 2Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning, Kenya to be filled
Land Value Capture in South Africa: Applicability and Constraints University of Cape Town, South Africa to be filled
Porto Maravilho: Creating Social and Economic Value through Revitalization of Rio de Janeiro’s Industrial Waterfront UNHabitat, Brazil to be filled
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-02: Land Adminstration and Governance Performance Monitoring Session Chair: Klaus Deininger, World Bank, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 13-121 | |||||||||||||
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Improving Coverage In A Challenging Environment: Evidence And Lessons From Kano Kano State Bureau for Land Management Building a Unified Land Information System for All Tenure Types ANDF, Benin Challenges And Benefits From Integrating Textual And Spatial Data Registro Nacional, Costa Rica From Diagnosis to Action: Using Monitoring Data to Improve Governance 1University of Kent/ KEI at KSE, United Kingdom; 2Stategeocadastre Real estate registration system in Dubai: leveraging innovation and the impact of data centralization Dubai Land Department, United Arab Emirates | ||||||||||||
3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-03: Building on the SDGs to Assist Countries Meeting Land Degradation Neutrality Goals Session Chair: Barbara Ryan, GEO Secretariat, Switzerland | ||||||||||||
MC 2-800 | |||||||||||||
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The SDG Indicator on Land Degradation Neutrality United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, United States of America to be filled Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: contribution to Land Degradation Neutrality CIFOR, Indonesia In this presentation we will highlight how Forests, trees and agroforestry, when adequately used, managed and governed, can play a central role in ensuring land degradation neutrality by restoring degraded lands, improving production systems, ensuring food security and nutrition, enhancing people’s livelihoods and addressing climate change. We will also present actions undertaken within the framework of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) contributing to the Land Degradation Neutrality initiative and its three indicators: Land cover, Land productivity, Carbon stocks. FTA, led by CIFOR, is the world's largest research for development program to enhance the role of forests, trees and agroforestry in sustainable development, food security and to address climate change.
Landscapes and Land Degradation Neutrality World Resources Institute, United States of America to be filled
The Economics of Land Degradation Neutrality in Asia UNEP, Kenya to be filled
Discussant United Nations Statistics Division, United States of America .. | ||||||||||||
3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-04: How Do Global Policies Support Local Change Session Chair: Christian Graefen, Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Germany | ||||||||||||
MC 6-860 | |||||||||||||
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The VGGT and F&G: Versatile Tools for Tenure Governance FAO, Ethiopia Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries, forests and other natural resources is a major input to the achievement of food security and nutrition in many countries, especially in communities of small-scale faming systems which provide the dominant sources of livelihoods. Yet achieving responsible tenure governance is beset with numerous challenges from community up to national and policy levels. The paper analysis the application of the Voluntary Guidelines for the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGT) and the Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa (F&G) to dealing with these challenges in 17 countries through an EU Land Governance Program. It analysis the theory of change underlying the application of VGGT and F&G, lessons learnt in implementation, capitalization of experiences and the key challenges likely to affect the sustainability of the gains made in implementation.
Open Data as a Mechanism of Social Change for Vulnerable Urban Communities 1Habitat for Humanity; 2Cadasta This paper discusses Habitat for Humanity’s Solid Ground campaign which was launched in 2015 and offers free legal and technical advice for land and resource rights in the Latin and Caribbean region through its program ALO Suelo Urbano. The paper details how the program connects individuals and communities in need of counsel to a lawyer or trained paralegal, free of charge. These legal professionals work with residents in need to gather the necessary information to understand the problems and barriers being faced in order to advise them of possible approaches to secure their land rights. Tracking the various exchanges and trends of the program participants is performed by the Cadasta platform to ensure that their land dispute cases are documented and prevented in the future.
Towards Transparency in Land Ownership: a Methodology to Research Beneficial Land Ownership 1Transparency International Secretariat, Germany; 2Traverse Research; 3IALTA; 4Global Witness; 5Research Consultant In many countries, unidentified private individuals and legal entities retain significant economic benefits from land. The issue of anonymous “beneficial ownership” affects land tenure security globally. The lack of transparency in land registries (including beneficial ownership information) and land transfers pose a major land governance challenge. This lack of transparency can make it harder for affected communities and or governments to hold legal entities accountable for any sort of violation (environmental, human rights, etc) they commit. Although in some sectors (for example finance), beneficial ownership transparency has been introduced as a means to address money laundering and corruption, this research methodology focuses primarily on transparency for the purposes of improving accountability in land use, land-related decision making and land transactions. The presented methodology is meant to provide a basic framework for researching beneficial land ownership at one primary unit of geographic analysis, examining Scotland and Sierra Leone as pilots.
A Global Review of Land Tenure, Climate Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity 1RMIT University, Australia; 2Land and GLTN Unit, UN-Habitat, Kenya This global research project seeks to investigate the interrelationships between land tenure, climate vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review on how land tenure relates to natural disasters, climate change, food security and displacement the objective is to then focus on the aspects of climate vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Other methods include the development of 4 country case studies by local experts (Solomon Islands, the Philippines, Uganda, and Trinidad and Tobago), the establishment of a reference group of experts, peer review and validation at workshops. This papers presents the preliminary findings of this review. The final outcome will be a global report on the relationships between land tenure, climate vulnerability and adaptive capacity, and the land tools that can be best applied to address the issues raised.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-05: Transforming Land Registration in Greece Session Chair: Chrysi Potsiou, FIG, Greece | ||||||||||||
MC 7-860 | |||||||||||||
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Drawing on Best Practice to Assess the Geomaturity of a Country’s NSDI Using a Recent Example of the Work Undertaken in Greece 1The World Bank; 2Ministry of Environment and Energy, Government of Greece; 3New Frontiers Ltd; 4Location International This paper will give a strategic understanding of the changing landscape of geospatial and its increasing use. It will give details of how the Greek government geospatial community have undertaken work in 2016 and 2017 to learn how to improve their own geospatial landscape. The paper will illustrate how the Government of Greece has measured their own geospatial maturity and how they learnt from ‘good practice’ from four nations that they chose, due to their known maturity in geospatial information. This paper will have transferable learnings for other countries wishing to modernise their own geospatial infrastructure.
A Model for Modernizing the Organization of Land Registration Systems 1The World Bank; 2Location International; 3New Frontiers Ltd; 4Ministry of Environment and Energy, Government of Greece A commitment to continually improve the ‘customer experience’ for Citizens when they use the Country’s Land Registration System is important. This commitment should also extend to fundamentally improving the working experience for all employees, the application of appropriate new technologies, a focus on improving processes and a commitment to effective cost management. The paper will describe a Model for transforming organizations that manage Land Registration and offer an example of its use within Greece. The Model proposes a logical framework to develop a new Strategy for an organisation within the overall context of the requirements for Land Registration and the various Stakeholders affected by, and involved in, Land Registration within a Country. An understanding will be gained of a strategic approach that Governments can apply to improve outcomes and it is considered that the Corporate Strategy Model is applicable in both developing and developed world land registration systems.
Understanding Business Planning for the Modernisation of a Land Registration System 1World Bank; 2Ministry of Environment and Energy, Government of Greece; 3Location International; 4New Frontiers Ltd This paper focuses on the business planning and financial planning involved with the Transformation Programme that is being undertaken by the Government of Greece to organizationally modernize the Land Registration Process. Historically, Greece has used a ‘Person Based ’ deeds system to register rights, through 392 individual Mortgage Offices, located throughout the country.. The Greek Government has decided this transformation will be achieved by establishing a single Public Sector body and within nine months of establishment, the 392 organisations, the majority of whom are currently in the private sector, will have migrated to 92 Branch offices in the Public Sector. This paper describes the process for building a three year business plan to support the transformation but ensuring continuous operation of the land registration system. From this paper there will be transferable learning that could be used in other land registration systems globally.
Creating a Strategy for the Organisational Modernisation of a Land Registration System 1The World Bank; 2Ministry of Environment and Energy, Government of Greece; 3Location International; 4New Frontiers Ltd This paper focuses on the Transformation Programme that is being undertaken by the Government of Greece to organizationally modernize the Land Registration Process. Historically, Greece has used a ‘Person Based’ deeds system to register rights, through 392 individual Mortgage Offices, located throughout the country.. The Greek Government has decided this transformation will be achieved by establishing a single Public Sector body and within twenty four months of establishment, the 392 organisations, the majority of whom are currently in the private sector, will have migrated to 92 Branch offices in the Public Sector. This paper will describe the development of the Organisational Reform Strategy that underpins this organisational Transformation Programme. It will demonstrate how by using a stepped process of a preparation phase, a migration phase and an optimization phase, the land registration system is protected from service disruption during such a significant transformation to modernise the land registration system.
Understanding The ‘People Issues’ Of Organisationally Modernising a Land Registration System 1Location International; 2Ministry of Environment and Energy, Government of Greece; 3World Bank; 4New Frontiers Ltd This paper will focus on the land registration staff issues and citizen issues involved with the Transformation Programme that is being undertaken by the Government of Greece to organizationally modernize the Land Registration Process. It will describe the development of the Human Resource (HR) Strategy to underpin this organisational Transformation Programme and also how a greater understanding of the Stakeholders involved was derived. It was agreed that the new organisation should not merely continue the work carried out by the 392 organisations, many of which are in the Private Sector as they transform over a twenty four month period into 92 Branch Offices working within one Public Sector entity - but that they should fundamentally improve the working experience. From this paper there will be transferable learnings that could be used in other land registration systems that wish to modernise to meet the needs of citizens in an ever increasingly technological world.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-06: Adressing Impact of Large Scale Land Investments Session Chair: Jean-Philippe Colin, IRD, France | ||||||||||||
MC 6-100 | |||||||||||||
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From Abundance to Scarcity: Consequences of Large Scale Land Acquisitions in central Mali. Lancaster University/IIED, United Kingdom This longitudinal study of land and livelihoods in Kala, central Mali explores how the bush has filled up with migrant farmers, and consequences for agricultural sustainability, and farmer-herder relations. In 1980, when I first visited the region, the villagers of Kala said – “the bush is so big, it can never finish”. Now the villages say sadly “the bush is finished”. How has land abundance turned to scarcity? From the 1970s, farmers have been fleeing from villages close to the irrigated Office du Niger because of bird damage to crops. In 2009, 20,000 ha was given by the Malian government to a Chinese sugar company, to the south-east of Kala. Hundreds of farmers lost their farms, and they too are all now flooding into the Kala area begging for land to cultivate. Satellite images for the last 20 years illustrate clearly how space around this and neighbouring villages is filling up.
Bottlenecks and Opportunities to Generate Economic and Environmental Benefits out of Sustainable Forest Plantations in Mozambique World Bank, Mozambique Forest plantations can provide rural livelihood opportunities and enhance natural resource management in Mozambique. In order for these benefits to be achieved, different sized multi-purpose plantation mosaics led by local landholders and potential external investors in partnership with them need to be fostered. Mozambique can be a competitive location for forest planting given the potential land availability and reasonable growth potential. Currently this potential is under-realized due to competition with illegal logging, infrastructure shortcomings, and particulalry challenges related to land access and barriers in access to finance. This brief suggest ways to address these barriers through a variety of measures tailored for different size and purpose of forest plantations, including investment financing, emission reductions payments, matching grants and xxx. These will facilitate planting decisions, but for the sector to become long-term self-sustaining, the currently quite low financial profitability of the practice and low skills levels needs to be addressed.
Labor Impacts of Large Agricultural Investments: focus on Mozambique, Kenya and Madagascar 1French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD) and Malagasy Land Observatory, Madagascar; 2CIRAD and International Land Coalition (ILC), Rome; 3CIRAD and University of Pretoria, South Africa; 4CIRAD, France; 5Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Switzerland; 6CETRAD (Centre for Training and Integrated Research In ASAL Development), Kenya; 7University of Kyoto, Japan What are the concrete impacts of large-scale agricultural investment development with regards labor creation? This paper compares the employment impacts of private farming enterprises in Kenya, Mozambique and Madagascar. Using a methodology common, a total of 1,800 household were randomly selected and interviewed in impacted areas (buffer zone around farming enterprises) and in counterfactual zones. Impacts of the enterprises in terms of jobs created and household living conditions depend on: the business models of the enterprises, the crops produced and, in particular, the intensity of labor requirements. The jobs often benefit the most vulnerable segments of the population: poor households, migrants, youth and / or women. This can be seen as an advantage in terms of poverty reduction or critically considered as the direct result of the absence of alternatives for the most vulnerable. All these results help to inform decision-makers on the models of agriculture to be promoted.
Legal Claim Making in Large-Scale Land Based Investments – Does it Help Affected Communities? University of Tuebingen, Germany The paper focuses on one way in which global regulatory frameworks in regards to large-scale land based investments are supposed to work: Through providing local actors with arguments and instruments through which they can defend their rights vis-à-vis investing companies (legal mobilization). So far, systematic research into this issue is missing. The paper will address this gap through providing a theoretical framework based on the concept of legal opportunity structure that includes both a top-down, institutional as well as a bottom-up, actor centered view. Applying the framework to Sierra Leone shows that both legal reform as well as practical opportunities have to be considered for improving the bargaining situation of local actors. Apart from supporting existing research, my findings create new insights: The role of legal assistance for local actors as well as the differences between companies in dealing with legal mobilization should be subject of further research.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-07: Operational & Legal Aspects of Community-based Data Capture Session Chair: Emidio Noormahomed, Fundação Iniciativa para Terras Comunitárias (iTC-F), Mozambique | ||||||||||||
MC 7-100 | |||||||||||||
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Mobile Applications for Secure Tenure (MAST) and the Technical Register for Social Tenure (TRUST) – development and applications in Iringa and Mbeya Districts in Tanzania 1DAI US; 2DAI US; 3DAI US; 4DAI Europe; 5DAI US Following completion of pilot work using the 'Mobile application for Secure Tenure' (MAST) in three villages in Iringa District Tanzania in May 2016, USAID commissioned the Land Tenure Assistance Project, under the Feed the Future programme, to scale up to a further 41 villages in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT) in Iringa and Mbeya Districts. For the long term maintenance of the registers at village and district levels the LTA is developing new approaches to maintaining the registers under the 'Technical Register Under Social Tenure (TRUST)' and is supporting low cost methods for village land use planning. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview ongoing progress and of the innovative approaches and developments, both in field and office procedures being deployed, the role of MAST within the procedural framework, and the development and deployment of TRUST at village and district level.
Strengthening GIS standards to improve monitoring of land indicators for SDGs: Using India as a use case 1Natural Resources Management Consultants (NRMC), India; 2Land Portal Foundation, Netherlands; 3University of Reading, United Kingdom This paper presents India as a pilot case for strengthening the use of spatial standards in the socio-economic domain with a specific focus on SDGs. Based on the experience of mapping Women Land Rights in India, this research expands the focus to other land-related indicators in the SDG agenda. The paper is structured as follows: it maps the existing spatial datasets relevant to land-related SDGs indicators in India; It identifies existing standards for interoperability of spatial data, assessing the suitability of these standards in the SDGs context; It then proceeds with the individuation of gaps and best practices for the interoperability of different spatially disaggregated data; It concludes with a case study of mapping WLR against other selected socio-economic indicators included in the global SDGs agenda, eventually providing policy recommendations based on the spatial overlay of different sources for SDGs indicators in India.
An Overview Of Innovative Tools For Land Tenure Documentation ITC, University of Twente, Netherlands, The Innovative approaches to land tenure documentation are increasingly being developed and implemented mainly through pilot projects in various countries and application contexts. These approaches combine mobile digital technologies and flexible database structures with community based approaches for capturing and managing tenure rights. We discuss 12 such initiatives. A basic commonality of the initiatives is the general approach to tenure documentation through community based digital data capture via mobile applications – where land administration’s work does not suffice or has failed and to acknowledge the diversity of land tenure regimes. Looking at the initiatives and tools in more detail a number of differences become apparent in terms of financing mechanisms and organizational characteristics, as well as technological design and application domains. Our discussion provides a basis to point out theoretical directions for future research as well as points of consideration for evaluation.
Apps and Drones for Better Land Governance 1Foundation for Economic Freedom, Philippines; 2Foundation for Economic Freedom, Philippines; 3The Asia Foundation, Philippines A time and cost study on public land titling revealed that land adjudication and land surveying are time-consuming and expensive. This paper describes two reforms that addresses these constraints. First is the use of mobile applications in accepting and managing title applications under the adjudication process. Second is the use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) or drones to support land surveys. The implementation of the reforms is done under the Development Entrepreneurship model where technically sound and politically feasible reforms are pursued. The mobile applications make adjudication efficient and transparent while the drones generate high resolution photos and survey-grade maps that meet government standards. The paper concludes that both technological interventions have the potential to improve the titling process and eventually, the state of land governance in the Philippines.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-08: Policy Options for Shaping City Form Session Chair: Michael Sutcliffe, City Insight (Pty) Ltd, South Africa | ||||||||||||
MC 8-100 | |||||||||||||
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Achieving Urban Spatial justice in South Africa: Context, Reality and the Integrated Urban Development Framework City Insight (Pty) Ltd, South Africa By 2050 eight in ten South Africans will live in urban areas. Colonialism and the apartheid state have created a highly fragmented and unequal urban system. South Africa’s National Development Plan (NDP), argues that sustainable development depends on the particular local context in which the settlement development is taking place, including the need for spatial justice, spatial sustainability, spatial resilience, spatial quality and spatial efficiency. This paper describes the methodology used to both define the South African urban system as a whole and also the fragmentation within the urban areas themselves, as part of the process of defining the Integrated Urban Development Framework in South Africa. It calls for a measured and differentiated approach to the New Urban Agenda, taking into account looking at this new deal for South African cities and towns, by steering urban growth towards a sustainable growth model of compact, connected and coordinated cities and towns.
The Concentration Dilemma: Urban-Rural Transition in Metropolitan Area of Chengdu Since Early 2000s Future Cities Laboratory, ETH Zurich During the last one and half decade in China, a policy of spatial concentration of rural settlements is widely favored to manage the urbanization of the countryside. And yet, many of the projects developed under this policy have triggered radical and disruptive changes in the social and morphological structure of the countryside, without necessarily delivering the continuous social harmony or economic growth originally envisioned. This paper focuses on this misalignment of policy goals and effects, what we call the “concentration dilemma”, and also some emerging alternative development strategies. Drawing on case studies supported by first-hand interviews, innovative mapping techniques and archival documents, the paper assesses both state-led policy and bottom-up alternatives in terms of short- and long-term socio-economic, community and environmental criteria. In the end, it concludes towards a discussion on the potential of developing more site-specific policies for a more resilient and sustainable scenario for urban-rural transition.
Changing rural to urban in extractive territories. Land administration comparing Argentina, Chile, and Peru MIT, United States of America Latinamerica extractive sector is growing and changing rural territories. Extractive cities are developing but they depend on non-renewal resources. Their temporality is, as well, limited. The objective of this paper is to compare land administration sustainability when the core economy of this cities is no longer the extractive sector. The paper evaluates impacts of extractive economies that lead change in rural territories where environmental, social and economic issues introduce urbanity at a very fast dynamic. On the one extreme, the land administration can be an opportunity to leverage infrastructure and urban expansion. On the other extreme, land speculation without adequate policies can make fail any attempt to plan and equitable growth. Firstly, I describe rural and urban settings that illustrate how land policies can deal with urban change. Secondly, I analyze the examples given regarding centralization/decentralization and public/private partnerships. Finally, I compare land policies that can finance infrastructure, urban expansion, and housing.
Using Data in Urban Planning To Decongest The City Of Nairobi: Lessons From Other Cities 1University of Nairobi, Kenya; 2Car Design Research Cambridge Urbanization is important for development but requires better planning to maximize on its benefits and address challenges. The population of Nairobi, estimated to be 5 million, continues to grow despite the expectation that people would move to the counties in the aftermath of devolution introduced by the 2010 Constitution. The transport, water, sewerage and other infrastructure is chocking as more pressure is brought to bear on it by the exponential growth. Traffic jams in Nairobi have increasingly become a nightmare for city dwellers with many hours spent in snarl-ups at peak times in the city and its environs. This paper looks at how data from different sources can be used for more integrated planning of the city of Nairobi to enhance mobility. It analyses the Nairobi Integrated County Development Plan and the Kenya National Spatial Data Infrastructure with a view to identifying entry points for data use in urban planning.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-09: Land Readjustment: Case Studies Session Chair: Mansha Chen, World Bank, United States of America | ||||||||||||
MC 9-100 | |||||||||||||
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Opening remarks World Bank, United States of America .. Housing Policies to Increase Resilience to Disaster and Climate Related Events in Colombia World Bank, Colombia The need for safer, affordable housing is now global, and interest among cash-starved governments in retrofitting existing housing is increasing. For good reason: retrofit solutions would not only reduce the budget-busting costs of recovering from catastrophic natural disasters, they would save thousands of lives. Standardized and cost-effective retrofit techniques could raise existing substandard structures to adequate safety standards comparable to those for new construction. Upgraded housing policies could also induce voluntary resettlement for households living in areas where risk cannot be mitigated. In this paper we analyze the case of Colombia where according to UNGRD, 30,376 emergencies have affected 1.6 million housing units generating economic losses above US$5.6 billion between 1998 and 2016. We conclude that by rethinking the budget allocation and administrative of its housing programs Colombia could save lives, protect assets and significantly reduce the economic and life losses of different disaster and climate related events.
Land governance: Public and Private Planning practice for Land readjustment in Peri Urban areas in Ilala, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Ardhi University, Tanzania Rapid urbanization in Africa contributes to challenges in spatial distribution of people and utilization of land resources. Cities’ sprawl is gradually becoming harder to deal with owing to this ever-increasing urban population, which demand for land and consequentially influence changes in land planning in peri-urban areas, where conversion of agricultural land to urban land uses is rampant. While development of peri-urban areas in the global south is shaped by new plans both formal and informal, remarkably, little attention has been paid to the LR as one of the promising tool to address the informality of land in these areas. The study adopted qualitative research methodology to bring the discussion on LR projects to facilitate production of spaces in peri urban areas. Encouraging Private Public Partnership (PPP) in land delivering projects in peri-urban areas is important to ensure effective use of resources and reduce delays to achieving the new urban agenda.
Amaravati Capital City Land Pooling Scheme 1The World Bank, United States of America; 2Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority, India After state bifurcation in 2014, the Government of Andhra Pradesh selected the Amaravati region as the new capital of Andhra Pradesh. A Land Pooling Scheme (LPS) has been adopted as the main instrument for land assembly for development of the Amaravati Capital City area of 217 sqkm, wherein the land parcels owned by individuals or group of owners are legally consolidated. Under the LPS, landowners voluntarily sign ownership rights over to Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA) and will receive back proportionate developed plots after urban infrastructure such as roads, sewage lines, electricity connections, etc. are put in place. To date, the LPS covers about 85-90% of the 38,500 acres of required private land that belong to about 24,900 land owners who have come forward and consented to participate in the scheme. The LPS has been designed to minimize physical resettlement.
Land Readjustment: Solving Urban Problems Through Innovative Approach 1The Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan; 2The University of Tokyo, Department of Urban Engineering, Japan Land readjustment is an important instrument for the development and the redevelopment of urban areas widely used around the world, especially in Japan, but still relatively unknown in several other countries. In this sense, the Japan International Cooperation Agency gathered international specialists and published “Land Readjustment: Solving Urban Problems Through Innovative Approach” to provide high quality knowledge for the international audience. The past decade saw an unprecedented interest on land readjustment and, in an interconnected world, the instrument needs to be learned, critically examined and adapted to the most diverse urban contexts. The major value of this publication is to bring together theory, an overview of the Japanese experience and 19 case studies from different countries, ranging from the basic functions to the most complex land readjustment processes, in order to reach a better understanding of the fundamental contributions of the method to different systems of governance and urban planning.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-10: Games & Experimental Economics Session Chair: Tobias Vorlaufer, University of Marburg, Germany | ||||||||||||
MC 10-100 | |||||||||||||
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Political Trust, Risk Preferences, and Land-Taking Compensation: Evidence from Survey Experiments in China 1University of Connecticut, United States of America; 2Zhejiang University, P.R. China Land acquisition becomes a touchstone for protests and conflict during China's urbanization, driving local governments to diversify land-taking compensation from solely one-time cash payments to multiple payments, notably, in the form of pension insurance and yearly dividends. To what extent do farmers support the new compensation schemes? This study establishes the importance of political trust and risk preferences on individual decision-making. Political distrust induces farmers to choose traditional one-time cash payments over multiple cash payments. Both risk-averse and risk-seeking individuals prefer one-time cash payments to yearly dividends. The findings are developed using two choice experiments: We elicit individual compensation decision-making by asking farmers to state their preferences over hypothetical alternative compensation instruments; We elicit risk preferences using a lottery-choice experiment with varying probability of winning real monetary rewards. The findings are important to understanding to what extent the government efforts in innovative compensation designs are effective at quelling rural anger.
Introducing and Terminating External Incentives: A Field Experimental Study of Forest Conservation as a Common-Pool Resource Dilemma University of Marburg, Germany The aim of this study is to analyze whether external institutional incentives have a lasting effect on conservation that persists even after incentives are terminated. We set up a forestry-framed common-pool resource game in Namibia and introduced positive(reward) and negative(fee) incentives that aimed to increase cooperation. The participants in the game were small-scale farmers and they had to make decisions about either clearing new fields in the forest or staying on their old ones, which resembles decisions they make in real life. The game was played over several periods and the incentives were ceased after some time to test for persisting effects in a post-incentive period. Results show that increases in cooperation persist after termination of negative incentives. After termination of positive incentives, cooperation decreased, albeit not significantly. We also find that cooperation increased over time in a control group that had never received additional incentives.
System Dynamics model for preventing land expropriation conflict 1huazhong university of science and tecnhongy, China, People's Republic of; 2huazhong university of science and tecnhongy, China, People's Republic of; 3huazhong university of science and tecnhongy, China, People's Republic of Land expropriation conflict (LEC) shall be such a gradual procedure from land expropriation risk, to the contradiction in land expropriation and then the LEC. The prevention on LEC shall also be such a complex system problem, in this study it depends on entropy principle to interpret the cutting process of the energy in LEC, and construct the system dynamics model for preventive measures of LEC. Then it analyzes the evolution and prevention process of LEC by taking Wuhan as example. The studies shown that, the prevention on LEC shall be the process with the interaction between positive entropy and negative entropy, such preventive system meets the dissipation structure characteristics. When the negative entropy input was quite low and it cannot inhibit the increase of positive entropy, the probability of land expropriation shall increase accordingly.
Political Instability and Perceptions of Land Tenure and Governance in Zambia The Cloudburst Group, United States of America On August 11th, 2016 the incumbent president of Zambia, Edgar Lungu, was re-elected amid allegations of electoral fraud from his primary opponent Hakainde Hichilema. Rising tensions in Zambia and a series of events (including a motorcade confrontation and market fire) led to Hichilema’s arrest and later President Lungu’s invocation of emergency powers on July 3rd, 2017. This paper explores the effects of the political instability on perceptions of land tenure security and governance in Zambia. Specifically, this paper asks if individuals holding geographically contrarian political views exhibit lower tenure security than their peers. This is accomplished by analyzing a large-N household survey collected for the impact evaluation of U.S. Agency for International Development’s Tenure and Global Climate Change Zambia program in combination with by polling-station level election results published by the Electoral Commission of Zambia.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-11: Measuring Tenure Security Perceptions Session Chair: Alexandra Hartman, UCL, United Kingdom | ||||||||||||
MC C1-100 | |||||||||||||
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Measuring Citizen Perceptions of Tenure Security: Test Surveys of the Global Property Rights Index (PRIndex) in Tanzania, Colombia and India 1Land Alliance, United States of America; 2ICED, United States of America This paper describes national-level test surveys carried out by PRIndex in Tanzania, Colombia and India in 2017 to contribute to the development of a globally comparable methodology for measuring individual perceptions of security of property rights in national samples.
Scrutinizing the Status Quo: Gender-disaggregated Implications of Social and Economic Transformations on Perceived Tenure Security in Mozambique 1International Food Policy Research Institute, United States of America; 2Ethiopian Development Research Institute This study examined the drivers of tenure insecurity in Mozambique using a National Agricultural Survey (TIA) 2014 and 2015 supplemental survey on land tenure. Perceived risk of land expropriation by the government or concession by private investors is used to measure land tenure insecurity. The empirical findings reveal that public tenure risk is higher among female spouses as compared to female heads. Moreover, larger proportion of migrants, land market vibrancy, economic vibrancy and land abundance varies between male and females within the same household and across households. Generally, tenure insecurity is higher in communities with more active land market and vibrant economy. Results reinforce the need that, beside the efforts made to secure land rights at household and community level in the country, land tenure reforms should take into account intra-household dimension in addressing issues of land tenure security.
Measuring Community Perceptions of Tenure Security: Evidence from Four African Countries 1World Bank, United States of America; 2The Cloudburst Group, United States of America Despite decades of investment in rural land registration in sub-Saharan Africa, the empirical results of such programs, for example on agricultural productivity, remain startlingly mixed outside a few noteworthy exceptions. We hypothesize this may be at least partly due to limited analysis of the impact of land registration on tenure security, which we define here as the assurance that existing rights-holders will continue to possess their land. This paper therefore aims to provide pre-registration evidence on (i) rural landholders’ perceived tenure security and (ii) potential drivers of tenure security in four African countries with extant customary tenure systems to understand whether there is room to further strengthen tenure in such settings. The findings indicate that existing tenure is perceived to be quite secure by the vast majority of respondents, suggesting that, to be successful, land registration efforts will need to be carefully tailored to address local threats to tenure security.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-12: Legal & Practical Barriers to Gender Neutral Land Ownership Session Chair: Patricia K. Mbote, University of Nairobi, Kenya | ||||||||||||
MC C1-200 | |||||||||||||
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Women, Business and the Law 2018: data that matters for women's property rights The World Bank, United States of America Women Business and the Law provides open access data identifying critical legal gender differences impacting women’s economic empowerment . Covering 189 economies, it is a simple and timesaving resource for World Bank Group practitioners, policy makers and civil society networks interested in finding out where the bottlenecks relating to property rights impacting women’s inclusion and empowerment may lie. Property rights are a focus of the project analyzing linkages with underlying legislation such as family, inheritance laws and land laws and impacts on areas such as women’s ability to access credit. A new land module has been added in the 2017-2018 research cycle, to look at what state incentives exist to increase women’s access to property by individually or jointly titling their land and housing. We also examine the legal requirement of including women as co-owners in documents and issues around spousal consent when selling or buying immovable property.
A Comparative Analysis of Women's Legal Rights to Land Worldwide Public Prosecutor's Office of Berlin, Germany The aim of this paper is to put each country’s regulations of women’s marital property into a global context and to understand the historical, religious and political foundations of the current property legislations worldwide with regards to married women’s ownership. The equal distribution of land ownership can be considerably stimulated or hindered by laws that promote or deny women’s equal rights to property. The marital property regime is one of the main bases of property ownership for women. By comparing the different legal marital regimes, this paper provides relevant information to foster the discourse on how to secure women’s land rights. In this way, it contributes to a nuanced understanding of the interconnectivity of national land governance systems worldwide from a gender perspective. Among other sources, it draws on the published data of the World Bank Group’s project Women, Business and the Law.
Achieving SDG Indicator 5.a.2 in the Western Balkans: Partnerships for Gender Equality in Land Ownership and Control 1FAO; 2GIZ Legal framework assessments in the Western Balkans have revealed that while some gaps could be addressed through regulatory reform and the adoption of by-laws, notaries and registration offices have an important role to play in ensuring that the law is implemented and that women’s interests in land are registered and secure. The current phase of an ongoing collaboration between FAO, GIZ and IUNL is focused on developing guidelines for notaries and registration offices, pinpointing steps in their service provision where the integration of gender considerations is of critical importance to ensure that all rights holders – men and women – are correctly identified, and their rights recorded and protected. The paper provides an overview of the current collaboration in the context of implementing the Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests, as well as the achievement of SDG indicator 5.a.2 in the sub-region.
Transformative reparations: A mean identify, eliminate and correct preexisting structural inequality on women's access to land Independant, United States of America Colombia’s legal order prescribes equality between men and women. In rural areas, however, the persistence of social and cultural practices that discriminate on the basis of gender prevail. This has affected women’s access to land ownership, and now that Colombia is on the verge of breaking from decades of conflict it has adopted a series of measures reflective of transitional justice norms. One of these: the “Victims Law”, establishes a special process for land restitution. This law establishes several measures that guarantee women’s right to rural property. However, women in rural areas have not sufficiently benefitted. This paper argues that these barriers could be overcome if Colombia adopted specific, transformative reparation measures aimed at identifying, eliminating, and correcting preexisting structural inequality on women’s access to land and suggests a set of defined transformative reparation measures to be adopted by judges in cases when the land restitution claimant is a woman.
Redesigning Procedures to Encourage Legal Recognition of Informal Relations to Property: The Case of “Informal Inheritance” in Kosovo’s Intergenerational Context USAID Property Rights Program, Tetra Tech This paper examines “informal inheritance” cases when de facto owners did not initiate formal inheritance proceedings. When initiation of inheritance proceedings is delayed, the large number of claimants spanning several generations of heirs, many of whom live outside of Kosovo, creates further difficulties to formalize possession of property. The resulting discrepancy between cadastral records and informal ownership contributes to tenure insecurity. The USAID Property Rights Program assisted the Government in amending the laws on inheritance, notaries, and uncontested procedure to provide an efficient mechanism to initiate inheritance claims, and expedite inheritance proceedings initiated many years after the death of the right holder. The legislation also introduces due process safeguards to protect the rights of women and children. This paper analyzes factors that exacerbated the discrepancy between cadastral records and informal ownership and, subsequently, examines recent legislation introduced to expedite recognition of rights that may then be registered in the cadastre.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 04-13: Modernizing Land Policy & Administration in Asia Session Chair: Javier Molina Cruz, FAO, Italy | ||||||||||||
MC 4-100 | |||||||||||||
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Systematic Land Registration in Rural Areas of Laos – from concept to scale Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Lao People's Democratic Republic Low land tenure security and increasing pressure through large scale land acquisition excerpt pressure on farmers and land owners in Laos. Since the 1990s, the country has undergone certain land reform initiatives, focusing initially on the registration and title issuance of individual land in urban areas. The first Land Titling projects between 1997 and 2009 resulted in the registration of some 650,000 plots, of an estimated 2,6 Million. Since 2009, the GIZ has supported the establishment of land registration and titling in rural areas. Several successive projects have resulted in the registration of more than 40,000 plots and the establishment of a comprehensive Concept for Systematic Land Registration, which describes the requirements and principles, legal framework, technical approach and workflow and capacity development. The Concept, alongside strong political will and a foreseeable improved legal framework in Laos provide a sound foundation for a full-scale implementation.
Tenancy Reform: Restructuring Land Access of Sharecropping System Toward Sustainable Farming Practice in Indonesia. National Land Institute The Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning, Indonesia This research aims to emphasize the importance of tenancy reform in Indonesia as part of the struggle to bring equality on access of land, achieve sustainable farming system and reduce poverty through equilibrium levels of resources allocation between landlord and tenant and their relationship with the land. Two aspects were observed and analyzed, which were (i) how sharecropping system in Indonesia was implemented through time and how they contribute to support the life of tenants and small scale farmers, (ii) how tenancy reform can improve access of land for tenants and small scale farmers in relation with poverty reduction. The study were implemented for sharecropping system in Java Island for the practice of sharecropping of paddy fields as a sample study. The results were expected to contribute to the arrangement of tenancy reform in Indonesia to improve equality of access of land and improve quality of life through poverty reduction.
Digitization to Strengthen Land Administration: A Case of Nepal Liberty College, Nepal Land administration is one of the crucial aspects. Nepal being a land locked country most of the people’s livelihood depends directly or indirectly upon land. Thus, the land administration is most important concern. It’s been a huge challenge for government to make improvements on land administration. In Nepal, land administration services are very poor. The major problems we are facing in land administration are complicated procedure, inefficient paper based system, lack of integrated land policy, huge political interference and increasing corruption. To overcome these deficiencies Nepal government decides to implement digital administration. Some of the land revenue offices have started online administration service. This paper aims to explore the status of digitized land administration system in Nepal. Paper will try to bring all the aspect for conversion from traditional to current digital system. Five land revenue offices implementing digitized land administration system are selected as cases for the study.
Land Governance for Reserved Customary Land I Taukei Land Trust Board, Fiji Islands The purpose of this paper is to present and demonstrate a particular type of land category that exists within customary land rights in Fiji called Reserve Land or Qele Kovu; it is this Reserve land that purports to safeguarding landowners now and in the future redressing conflict prevention and which supports peace agreements Reserve land is a subset of land types within the customary land of Fiji which is set aside for use only by the I Taukei or customary landowners of a particular district and province within Fiji; it is to be noted that there is over 8000 customary landowning units in Fiji, that is not counting their populations, who all have this Reserve land tagged to their land ownership of customary land. Reserve land in Fiji exists for the sole purpose of safeguarding land for the customary owners for now and those to come in the future.
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5:45pm - 8:00pm | Inter-American Network on Cadastre and Property Registry, a regional approach to improve land governance in Latin America By invitation (Registered participants in the land and Poverty Conference from the Latin America region) (Spanish only) Deadline to RSVP: Friday March 16, 2018. Please contact Mike Mora MMora@oas.org. | ||||||||||||
OAS - 1889 F St. NW Washington DC | |||||||||||||
5:45pm - 8:00pm | Red Interamericana de Catastro y Registro de la Propiedad, un enfoque regional para mejorar la gobernanza de la tierra en América Latina Por invitación (participantes de la region de América Latina registrados en la conferencia de tierras y pobreza del Banco Mundial) Fecha límite para reservar participación: viernes 16 de marzo del 2018. Por favor contactar a Mike Mora MMora@oas.org. http://portal.oas.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=4_88SMZMeig%3d&tabid=1821 | ||||||||||||
OAS - 1889 F St. NW Washington DC | |||||||||||||
7:00pm | Poster Board 01-01 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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The experience of registration of agrarian reform settlements in the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) in Brazil - Results and Outlook 1Serviço Florestal Brasileiro -SFB, Brazil; 2Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Brazil; 3Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária - INCRA, Brazil
The Rural Environmental Registry System and the Brazilian Rural Governance Brazilian Forest Service, Brazil
Fueling Land Grabbing or Promoting Land Governance? - The Case of the Terra Legal Program in Brazilian Amazon 1SERFAL / SEAD / Terra Legal; 2GIZ; 3GIZ/GITEC/NEXUCS
Environmental Regularization Programs for Rural Properties and Holdings: a Forest Code strategy for strengthening land governance, expanding native vegetation cover, and sustainability of the rural landscape in Brazil. 1SFB, Brazil; 2GIZ, Brazil
Environmental Compliance of Rural Landholdings in Regions of Economic Vulnerability in Brazil - The Case of CAR in The State of Maranhão, Northeast of Brazil 1Brazilian Forest Service, Brazil; 2FUNATURA; 3The World Bank
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-02 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Indigenous people, conflicts and land governance in Brazil after the Constitution of 1988: an overview with focus on recent events 1University of Campinas, Brazil; 2University of South Australia, Australia
Complex Governance for a Complex Forest Code: the Solutions of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) in Brazil 1GIZ, Brazil; 2Brazilian Forest Service - SFB
Afro-Brazilian communities and traditional territories: achievements and barriers to guarantee land rights 1National Institute of Agrarian Reform, Brazil; 2Food and Agriculture Organization
Land, State and Communities Remnant Quilombolas: As inheritances of the senzala in the 21st century 1UNICAMP, Brazil; 2Campinas City Hall
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-03 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Conflict Prevention in the Great Lakes Region: A Case Study of the Agrarian Reform in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Univerisity of Kinshasa, United States of America
Risk and Reconstruction: Assessing the Conditions of Poverty and Landlessness for Internally Displaced People Columbia University, United States of America
Risks for the peace process in Colombia: the Land Fund and prospects for community and smallholder access to land OXFAM Colombia, Colombia
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-04 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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The (un)broken Promise of Agroforestry: Case Study of Governance for Improved Fallows in Zambia Penn State, United States of America
Space Based Monitoring of Wetlands in Support of Sustainable Water Resource and Land Management 1GeoVille Information Systems and Data Processing GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria; 2DHI GRAS, Hørsholm, Denmark
Sustainable Land Management- shielding the agriculture land with flood management and wetlands York University - York Centre for Public Policy and Law, Canada
An approach to linking Land governance to Water governance: Botswana case Study 1Department of water Affairs, Botswana; 2Department of water Affairs, Botswana
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-05 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Mexican Land Reforms: Examining Exclusionary Resource Conservation Initiatives Hollins University, United States of America
Conservation Mechanisms and Sustainable Communal Land Development: Lessons from Green Investment Initiatives in Laguna San Ignacio, Mexico 1Natural Resources Defense Council, United States of America; 2Internation Community Foundation, United States of America; 3Wildcoast - Costasalvaje; 4Pronatura Noroeste
Land Tenure And Renewable Energy Systems Linkages: Implications In The Global South 1University College London, United Kingdom; 2Technical University of Munich, Germany
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-06 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Land Ownership: Use of Informal Justice Mechanisms in Resettling of Widows in Kenya Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA)-Kenya, Kenya
Rigorous Impact Evaluation on Scalable Approaches towards Strengthening Land Governance: Empirical Evidence from Piloting the Gender Evaluation Criteria in Three Districts in Uganda 1UN-Habitat/GLTN, Kenya; 2Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Uganda
Understanding Gender Dynamics and Institutional Drivers of Land Access in Smallholder Maize Farms of Western Kenya 1University of Nairobi, Kenya; 2International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
Using Traditional Conservation Methods For The Sustainable Use Of Riparian Land To Eradicate Feminized Poverty In Zimbabwe University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
Women’s Land Rights and Tenure Security in the Context of the SDGs; results of localizing SDGs in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania UN Women, Ethiopia
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-07 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Securing Women’s Land Rights Within The National Land Programme In Madagascar 1HUAIROU COMMISSION, United States of America; 2Ministry in charge of Presidential Projects, Planning and Equipment, Madagascar; 3Ministry in charge of Presidential Projects, Planning and Equipment, Madagascar; 4Ministry in charge of Presidential Projects, Planning and Equipment, Madagascar
Women’s Property Rights through the Household Life Cycle: Evidence from Nepal 1IFPRI, United States of America; 2Nepa School, Nepal
Women and Land rights in Brazil and India: A historical and comparative analysis concerning legal framework and social challenges 1Oxfam India, India; 2National Institute of Land Reform, Brazil
A gender-disaggregated Impact of the Pilot Systematic Land Tenure Regularization Program in Nigeria 1International Food Policy Research Institute, United States of America; 2Ethiopian Development Research Institute
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-08 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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'Fundamental Functionings' Of Landowners: Understanding The Relationship Between Land Ownership And Wellbeing Through The Lens Of ‘Capability’ University Of Melbourne, Australia
Traditional Leaders as Moral Authorities: Experimental Evidence from Rural Zambia 1University of Marburg, Germany; 2International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
The Strength of the Village: a Community Based Model for Explaining Variation in Farmland Abandonment Central European University, Hungary
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-09 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Customary Land Governance in Zambia: Inertia, Confusion and Corruption Copperbelt University, Zambia
We Don’t Want Land Certificates!—Land Titling and Rural Land Governance in Contemporary China Florida International University, United States of America
Northern Africa Land tenure systems' analysis based approach toward a core conceptual model in capacity building 1Department of Geodesy, SGIT,Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medecine, Morocco; 2Geographical and environmental sciences, university of Khartoum, Sudan; 3University of Nouakchout, Mauritania
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-10 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Land Reforms in Kenya: Improved Land Tenure Security Motivates Increased Investments and Equity in Kilifi County 1Land Development and Governance Institute (LDGI), Kenya; 2County Government of Kilifi, Kenya
Mukono District Land Stakeholder’s Forum: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach To Unlocking Land And Property Related Challenges in Uganda Uganda Chrisitian University, Uganda
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-11 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Building Land Markets in Developing Economies 1DAI Europe, United Kingdom; 2Independent
Improving The Effectiveness Of Land Tenure Programmes Using A Market Systems Approach 1DAI, United Kingdom; 2Nathan Associates, United Kingdom
Land Management And Land Market In Turkey: Basic Characteristics, An Analysis Of Legal And Institutional Regulations And Evaluation Of Possible Effects On Valuation Studies Ankara University
“Land as a Driver of Inequality: The Effect of Land Use and Security Trends on the Poor and Vulnerable in Uganda” 1Oxfam Uganda; 2Oxfam Uganda; 3Oxfam Uganda; 4Oxfam Uganda; 5Oxfam America; 6Makerere University, Kampala; 7Oxfam Uganda
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-12 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Does Food Insecurity In Ontario Vary By Remoteness? Implications For Canadian Policy University of Guelph, Canada
Assessment of Agricultural Land Reform in Thailand Using The Land Governance Assessment Framework 1Agricultural Land Reform Office, Thailand; 2University of Twente, the Netherlands
The Resolution of Land Conflicts by the Strategy of the Solidarity Economy and the Social Mediation Cabinet de Consultance Internationale en Economie Sociale et Solidaire, Côte d'Ivoire
Reorienting Political Economy of Inclusive Agrarian Transformation in Nepal 1Fulbright Fellow, Heller School for Social Policy & Management, Brandeis University, USA; 2President, IfE (Initiative for Equality) & Affiliated Researcher, Institute for Research in the Social Sciences, Stanford University, USA; 3Assistant Prof. Heller School for Social Policy & Management, Brandeis University, USA
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-13 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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A Concern For The Right of The Youth To Agricultural Land Centre for Land Rights and Environmental Development (CLARED), Nigeria
Land Reforms In Nigeria: Issues, Problems And Solutions Ogun State Buareau of Lands and Survey, Nigeria
The Broad Powers of State Governors under the Land Use Act, 1978 and Land Governance in Nigeria. University of Bolton, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
Nigerian Land Use Act 1978 and the Place of Urban Poor in Cities’ Development Plan University Collede London, United Kingdom
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-14 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Baseline Evaluation Findings from USAID’s Responsible Land-based Investment Pilot in Mozambique 1NORC at the University of Chicago, United States of America; 2Management Systems International; 3United States Agency for International Development
Evidence to Inform Liberia’s Land Policy: Evaluation Findings from Namati’s Community Land Protection Program 1The Cloudburst Group, United States of America; 2University College London, Political Science
Scrutinizing the status quo: Rural Transformation and Land Tenure Security in Nigeria 1Ethiopian Development Research Institute, Ethiopia; 2International Food Policy Research Institute
Game Theoretic Framework For Compulsory Acquisition University Of Melbourne, Australia | ||||||||||||
7:00pm | Poster Board 01-15 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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How farmland registration and certification affect farmers’ productive investments: evidence from China’s apple growers College of Economy and Management,Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, China, People's Republic of
Addressing the "How much?" in Land Use Planning: A Population And Consumption-based Model Approach to Estimating Future Demand for Land. 1IIASA; 2Independent Consultant; 3Ajemalebu Self Help (AJESH), Cameroon; 4EU REDD Facility; 5KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
A Pessimist is an Optimist that Knows Geography 129x55; 2World Bank
Looking at economic trade-offs from edible insects and bee keeping to carbon balances in African woodlands International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Kenya
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7:00pm | Poster Board 01-16 | ||||||||||||
MC Atrium | |||||||||||||
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Analysis of Fragmented Agricultural Land Size and Its Effects on The Productivity and Farm Income of Small Holder Farmers in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia 1Amhara National Regional State of Rural Land Adminstration and Use Bureau, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia; 2Ethiopian Civil Service University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
The Natural Resource Curse and Women Barnard College, Columbia University, United States of America
Gender, Resource Rights, and the Role of Customary Authorities: A Multi-Site Study of Women’s Empowerment in Customary Settings Cloudburst Consulting Group, United States of America
The Role of Property Rights in Technology Adoption: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial University of California, Santa Cruz, United States of America
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Date: Wednesday, 21/Mar/2018 | ||||||||||
8:00am - 6:00pm | Posters on display all day; Presenters available 12-2PM and 5.30-6 PM or contact by email | |||||||||
MC Atrium | ||||||||||
8:30am - 10:00am | 05-01: Innovating land and real estate management in the Arab region Session Chair: Sultan Alakraf, Dubai Land Department, United Arab Emirates | |||||||||
Preston Auditorium | ||||||||||
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Summary of the Outcome of the First Arab Land Conference World Bank, United States of America to be filled Next Steps UN-Habitat, Kenya to be filled UN-GGIM Arab States: Outcome of Recent Meeting United Nations Statistics Division, United States of America to be filled
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8:30am - 10:00am | 05-03: Land as key input for affordable housing Session Chair: Catalina Marulanda, World Bank, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 2-800 | ||||||||||
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FSIs and Affordable Housing in Mumbai – the Experience of SRA Slum Rehabilitation Authority (SRA), India The Slum Rehabilitation Authority (SRA) was established in Mumbai in 1995 under the Maharashtra Slum Act. The Hon’ble Chief Minister of Maharashtra is the Chair Person of SRA and a super time scale IAS Officer is appointed as full time CEO of SRA. The main purpose of SRA is to innovatively use land as a resource and allow incentive FSI in the form of tenements for sale in the open market for cross subsidization of the Slum Rehabilitation tenements which are to be provided free of cost to the slum dwellers. For this, SRA serves as a Planning Authority for Greater Mumbai. SRA as its major function does following operations regarding slum rehabilitation – • Planning and implementation; • eligibility certification; • eviction of non-participants; • registration of Co-op Housing Societies; and • Community development. In all this, SRA acts as a “single window clearance” for slum rehabilitation schemes.
Replicating Success – Low Hanging Fruits and Key Challenges Cities Alliance, Brazil to be filled Stimulating Private Supply of Housing through Land Policies Inter-American Development Bank, United States of America ..
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8:30am - 10:00am | 05-04: Implementing Safeguards to Protect Land Rights Session Chair: Peter Sidler, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, Ethiopia | |||||||||
MC 6-860 | ||||||||||
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Losing Land and Livelihood: Commercial Farming and Displacement in Rural Zambia Human Rights Watch, United States of America The Zambian government regards agriculture as a “panacea” for rural poverty, and the country’s leaders have been promoting agribusiness investments on huge swaths of land. However, flaws in the government’s regulation of commercial agriculture, and its poor efforts at protecting the rights of vulnerable people, instead of helping people climb out of the poverty mire, are actually hurting them. Families that have lived and farmed for generations on land now allocated to commercial farms are being displaced without due process or compensation. Some have been left hungry and homeless. This paper examines the human rights impacts of the activities of commercial farms on residents, including the distinctive impacts on women as a result of their social roles and status, and the fact that they have the least opportunity to negotiate and assert their rights.
Promoting Rural Land Tenure Security in Haiti: Ensuring community participation through a tailored public consultation process 1Land Alliance, United States of America; 2Interamerican Development Bank Public consultations prior to land tenure programs can be inclusive, gender-oriented, transparent and participatory processes that help set a similar tone for project implementation. They are an opportunity to explore environmental and social risks of land programs in a manner that puts stakeholders’ concerns at the center and that can result in forms of participatory monitoring. This paper presents key findings and lessons learned from public consultations for the second phase of the Haitian Rural Land Tenure Security Project. Lessons learned can inform the implementation of future land tenure related consultation processes. The lessons highlighted the importance of: - great logistics management; - local knowledge to gain access, trust and to save time; - reporting back to participants to build a transparent and communicative dynamic with communities; - ownership of the consultation on behalf of the project implementer to ensure accountability; and - understanding the added value of consultations helps build a sense of ownership.
The Land Specialized Court in Mato Grosso, Brazil: Achievements and challenges in collective land conflicts 1Judiciary Branch of State of Mato Grosso - Brazil; 2Nea UNICAMP - Brazil; 3OAB/MT - Brazilian Bar Association - State of Mato Grosso - Brazil; 4ANOREG - Association of Notaries and Registrars of Brazil The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the protagonist role that the Judiciary Branch can have in Land Governance. The article will show some of the experiences of the Judiciary of the State of Mato Grosso linked with the performance of the specialized court in land complex conflicts involving large numbers of people, as well as the concrete experience of the commission for land issues - CAF. It will have the next methodological steps: Show the main steps that a conflict law suit takes at the Land Court or at the CAF; Classify a collection of cases to better understand rural collective land ownership conflicts in the state; Present main challenges and some best practices based on solutions obtained at the Land Specialized Court and at CAF, with the participation of government agencies; Describe and analyze some of the cases to improve procedures and rules linked to land ownership conflicts.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 05-06: Securing Land Rights in Mining Investments Session Chair: Estherine Lisinge Fotabong, NEPAD Planning and Coordinating Agency, Cameroon | |||||||||
MC 6-100 | ||||||||||
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Assessment of Legal and policy Frameworks Affecting Land Access for Extractive Projects in Kenya. Land Development and Governance Institute, Kenya Before year 2012, extractive projects in Kenya mainly covered medium and small scale mining operations. Thereafter, an incredible growth in the sector has taken place owing to the discovery of commercially viable oil deposits. This growth has occasioned acquisition of large tracts of land to roll out extractive related projects. The acquisition is mainly affecting unregistered community land and is threatening security of tenure rights. It is likely to increase land related conflicts. How these threats are addressed is of significant importance. A need has emerged for assessing the adequacy of the legal and policy frameworks governing land acquisition (access) in relation to oil and gas exploration, development, production and mining operations in Kenya. This paper provides an assessment of these frameworks. It is guided by sustainable development principles.
Women's Land Rights In Large- Scale Based Investments: The Case Of Uganda's Oil And Gas Sector. MINISTRY OF LANDS, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, Uganda Land acquisitions throughout Africa are largely driven by increased investments in land triggered by increased global demand for energy, minerals, oil resources, food and infrastructure development (Cotula, L 2009). In Uganda, land acquisitions are largely triggered by infrastructure development for electricity generation, transmission and distribution, roads, mineral and petroleum extraction, agricultural investments, re settlements for war/conflict and environmental refugees, conservation purposes and preservation and restoration of the environment. Both public and private sector projects involve acquiring land which often requires people to move elsewhere and resettle. In general, resettlement has not always been successful and there are several recent examples where impacted people have claimed negative human rights outcomes (Uganda Draft LARRP, 2017). The consequences of poorly planned resettlement are well known internationally and include landlessness, homelessness, joblessness, relatively higher mortality and morbidity, food insecurity, lack of access to common property and public services, and disruption of the existing social organization.
Illegal Mining and Land Governance in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Ghana In Ghana, a number of human activities including mining, tree felling, bush and charcoal burning, overgrazing, improper use of agro-chemicals among others continue to hamper efficient the efforts by governments towards efficient land and environment governance. In February 2017, Ghana’s Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources (MLNR) initiated a program aimed at stopping the proliferating trend of illegal small scale mining locally referred to as Galamsey to help save and protect the land and forests from destruction. The specific objectives of this research are: to explain the strategy employed by MLNR in operation “Stop Galamsey”; and to assess the effectiveness of MLNR Strategy at curtailing Galamsey. The study recommends a process of monitoring of the program located within Civil Society to ensure sustainability and also pushes for the development of guidelines on mine closure.
The Political Economy Land And Extractives In Post-liberalisation Tanzania: Towards A Synthesis 1DIIS, Denmark; 2Roskilde University, Denmark; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and, University of Dodoma, Tanzania; 3University of Dar es Salaam The land grabbing literature depicts large-scale investments as infringements on locals’ rights. Initially, the literature’s main focus was on foreign investors from the global North as land grabbers, but increasingly the role of other actors has been recognised. Since then, the scale of land acquisitions as well as the research methodologies have been up for revision and the research agenda has diversified into new fields. This paper suggests revisiting the grab literature’s point of departure by focusing on the reasons why some groups lose access to their land and others not. By combining a political economy approach with case studies of mining and natural gas investments in mainland Tanzania it argues that state leverage has been strengthened and that it may not always be the rural smallholders losing out. A renewed emphasis on national ownership of resources and populist electoral politics have weakened the hand of foreign investors.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 05-07: Documenting and Administrating Customary Rights Session Chair: John Bugri, KNUST, Ghana | |||||||||
MC 7-100 | ||||||||||
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The Ugandan Experience of Land Market Policy Land and Equity Movement in Uganda - LEMU, Uganda This paper reviews the impact of international policy on the evolution of customary tenure in Uganda. In particular it considers why it took 95 years to establish a legal recognition of customary tenure, and the impact that this has had on the standing of customary rights holders. It reviews key international policies in respect of land markets, and notes that some institutions have wrongly interpreted the increasing emphasis on security of tenure as a justification for replacing customary tenure with individualized land rights. The experience of the Land and Equity Movement in Uganda over many years has shown that customary approaches to land management cannot be accommodated in an individualized system. Despite this, the Ugandan Government appears to be set on converting customary rights to other systems, which is based on a misunderstanding of the means by which tenure security can be promoted.
Costs in Community Land Delimitation: Sustainability, Innovation and Shared Responsibilities for an Inclusive and Effective Land Administration System in Mozambique Community Land initiative (iTC), Mozambique The land law in Mozambique enables community land rights to be registered and secured through delimitation processes. The recognition of customary rights was a key reform in the current land law. Securing community land rights is widely recognized as a key path to promote sustainable rural development, and since it is becoming an important component in the land administration system, understanding its costing structure is critical, especially when scalability, sustainability and innovation are considered, as parts of the land administration equation. However, more than just an estimate of the total cost, it is important to understand where the costs come from, and its impact in the land administration system in the longer-term. Since community land delimitation shall be the first step, this paper tends to analyse the sources of delimitation costs, and how it can lead to a more proactive, sustainable, innovative and inclusive land administration system.
Identifying Key Factors for Successful Community Rights Documentation from USAID’s Multi-Country Experiences in Zambia, Vietnam, Paraguay, Ghana, and Burma 1USAID Tenure and Global Climate Change Project, Tetra Tech; 2Winrock International; 3World Resources Institute Community-led rights documentation and, in some cases, recognition initiatives are growing around the world. There is a wide diversity of types of rights that are being documented from household, to community, to ethnic rights. Goals of the processes also range, from creating an evidence-base for local actors of their current and historical land-use, to facilitating multi-sector spatial planning, to integrating records into formal land administration systems. Based on USAID’s experience in Ghana, Paraguay, Burma, Zambia and Vietnam, we find that the best practices related to general processes to document rights are relatively consistent and include a strong understanding of the community, clear outreach and communications, inclusive participation of women youth and vulnerable populations, use of appropriate technology and strong local partnerships. In all cases, locally-led rights documentation has additional impacts and unintended consequences, both positive and negative, beyond the original documentation goal.
“Responsible Land Management Concept” A New Dimension for an Improved Customary Land Management: A Case Study of the Dormaah Ahenkro Customary Land Secretariat (CLS)-Ghana. 1Chair of Land Management, Technical University of Munich, Germany; 2Kumasi Technical University, Ghana Land management challenges in Ghana continue to remain unresolved despite several interventions adopted in years past. The numerous challenges in the customary land sector which makes up 80% of lands in Ghana led to the Customary Land Secretariat (CLS) initiative under the auspices of Government of Ghana and World Bank. The aim was to address local land challenges across Ghana. This study assessed the responsiveness of CLS interventions to local needs based on the ‘Responsible Land Management Concept’ through a survey of CLS users and interviews with other land experts. Results indicated that CLS lacks; transparency and accountability, documentation of processes, monitoring and evaluation and effective participation and consultation with other stakeholders. Lack of financial sources, high interference from the Stool and lack of logistics and expert staff contributed to the unresponsiveness. Policy implications from this paper provide effective ways of designing responsible land management system to address local needs.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 05-08: New Tools for Applied Land Valuation Session Chair: Steven Nystrom, FIG Commission 9, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 8-100 | ||||||||||
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Simplified Property Tax Appraisal For Effective Revenue Mobilisation 1Ulster University, United Kingdom; 2International Association of Assessing Officers; 3University of Pretoria Value based property taxes are widely used throughout the developed world. For many transitional and developing countries the use of property taxes is often difficult due to the level of immaturity in the property market, under-declaration of transaction prices and excessive transfer taxes. This hampers effective revenue mobilisation and acts against efforts to support fiscal decentralisation. This paper plans to investigate the use of simplified approaches by utilising more readily available data such as floor area/size and location. The hedonic modelling literature suggests that both of these variables contribute significantly to explaining the variation in selling prices of real estate. Also considered will be simplified approaches which contribute towards simplifying billing, collection and enforcement, including banded approaches. The objective is to test these approaches against a value based system and to measure the comparative performance against standard metrics, including the IAAO ratio standards of COD, PRD and PRB.
Achieving Fair Property Tax Valuations with Geospatial Modeling & International Valuation Standards: A Case Study of the Moldova Real Estate Market 1International Association of Assessing Officers, United States of America; 2World Bank, Washington, D.C.; 3Agency of Real Estate and Cadastre, Republic of Moldova; 4Ulster University, Northern Ireland Inaccurate real estate valuations used for ad valorem or value-based property tax calculations potentially lead to a variety of costs, both financial and other, for tax payers and governments alike. More accurate, research-backed valuations help governments promote fairness, accuracy and defensibility in their assessments, resulting in higher property tax acceptance and participation and reduce administrative costs associated with appeals. This research will present the latest methodological techniques in use for value-based property taxation in mature markets like the United States, and it will be the first of its kind to test the applicability and usability of these models and techniques outside the United States: in the Republic of Moldova, a former Soviet Republic that gained independence in 1992. This research will aid in guidance and valuation policy prescriptions for transition economies with similar markets and/or similar data availability to Chisinau.
Korea's Mass Assessment System of Land Pricing for Taxation, Using ICT Korea Appraisal Board, Korea, Republic of (South Korea) Land policies of South Korea played a key role in supporting economic development during its industrialization period. Through its land policies, urban land was properly supplied for the construction of public infrastructure, houses and plants, while urban problems such as land price hikes, speculation, and urban sprawls have been mitigated. The establishment of the Public Announcement System of Land Price (PASLP) is one such example. The system was introduced in 1989 to provide a unified land price standard for various administrative tasks, including taxation and compensation. Since its introduction, the PASLP has benefited from constant improvements through the development of Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Utilization of ICT has brought major innovations in land assessment, by reducing subjective judgments of assessors while enhancing the accuracy of site surveys.
Can The Principle Of Cost-Minimization Take Priority Over Securing The Reliability Of Tax Policy? Jeju National University, Korea, Korea, Republic of (South Korea) Big Data automation techniques is problematic in the property tax system. Due to the impossibility of perfect modeling and the difficulty of reflecting constantly-changing real estate market factors in models, linear assumptions should be carefully considered before modeling regression analyses. In the interests of cost minimization, Korean government decided not to use appraisers and the Three Methods of Appraisal in its residential property tax system. In Korea, data and technology have replaced appraisal experts. Have the results been positive or negative? The study examines the dangers and anticipated outcomes of focusing on administrative cost-minimization in the property tax system. Inaccurate data results in poor policy choices that ultimately distort the fairness of taxation. It also discusses the Jeju Provincial Government’s awareness of this problem and alternative solutions for dealing with it.
The use of standard price points in mass appraisal of housing land. A case study National Land Survey, Finland Modern geostatistics offers sophisticated analytical tools. However, in most property taxation systems they are not used at all so far. This paper presents an exercise how to use geostatistics to produce up-to-date estimates of land values. This presentation is about producing standard land value maps in an automated way. The idea is to proceed from price datasets to standard land value maps stepwise. The critical steps are land price models, estimating land prices based on single and multifamily building prices or values, and finally producing the land value maps manually or automatically. The exercise is based on revaluation of land in Finland due to be finished by the end of 2019. Higher rates are applied to land than structures. Thus land values have to be calculated everywhere, also in locations without vacant land, and no land sales.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 05-10: Impact of Land Markets Changes Session Chair: Benjamin Linkow, Landesa, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 10-100 | ||||||||||
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Impact Of Land Rental on Smallholders’ Commercialization Evidence From Northern Ethiopia: A Panel Data Analysis Norwegain University of Life Sciences, Norway The purpose of this study is to examine whether participation in the land rental market from the demand side affects participation and degree of participation in the output market of smallholder farmers. We use a correlated random effects probit and tobit models to analyze the effect of area rented in on participation and degree of participation in the output market as crop seller. We apply a control function approach to control for possible endogeneity associated with access to area rented in. Results show that for a change of area rented in by one ha, the likelihood of participation in the output market as a crop seller increased by about 8 % and degree of participation increased by about Birr 602-616 per household per year. Thus, promoting land rental market appeared to have a more robust impact on smallholder commercialization in a land-scarce economy.
Grassland Rental Markets And Herder Technical Efficiency: Ability Effect or Resource Equilibration Effect? Renmin University of China, China, People's Republic of China To explore whether grassland rental markets improve herder technical efficiency, to what extent and how, this study applies Metafrontier-DEA approach by employing field data collected from 416 herder households to examine the impacts of herder participation in grassland rental markets on their technical efficiencies. Results show that herders involved in the grassland rental markets can increase their technical efficiency by 2.75%. Compared with the autarky group, the lessors increase their efficiency by 3.36%, and the lessees increase efficiency by 2.76%. No significant efficiency difference is found between the lessors and the lessees. We conclude that grassland rental markets improve herder technical efficiency mainly through resource equilibration effect rather than ability effect. This suggests that under the current institutional environment, more attention should be paid to normalize and guide the grassland rental markets rather than to address land transfer from the less-able to the more-able producers.
Assessing Livelihood And Environmental Impacts Of Secure Access To Land For Landless Youth Under The Ethiopia Sustainable Land Management Program The World Bank, United States of America An innovative land tenure intervention being piloted under the World Bank supported Sustainable Land Management Project II provides landless youth with secure access to land. Under this initiative, degraded communal land is allocated to landless youth who undertake soil and water conservation measures to halt the degradation process and return the land to a productive state. Early evidence from field reports, interviews, and anecdotal accounts have been positive, reducing youth unemployment and migration, increasing stewardship, while boosting climate resilience and carbon storage. However, sound empirical evidence is lacking and further analysis is necessary to justify scaling up. To help fill the information gap necessary before making a recommendation on the appropriateness of scaling up this activity, a more structured approach to evaluate the impact of the intervention is needed.
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8:30am - 10:00am | 05-12: Expropriation Policy in Practice Session Chair: Katherine Mulhern, International Senior Lawyers Project, United States of America | |||||||||
MC C1-200 | ||||||||||
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Expropriation and Compensation for ‘Public Utility’—the view from ‘above’ and ‘below’ in Cameroon 1International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), United Kingdom; 2Centre for Environment and Development (CED), Cameroon; 3The Network to Fight Against Hunger in Cameroon (RELUFA), Cameroon Cameroon is part of a global trend towards large-scale investments in infrastructure, agriculture, extractive industries, industrial facilities and real estate that are displacing many people. Deeming these projects in the public interest, governments often acquire land by expropriating locally-held land rights. But compulsory land acquisition has severe economic, social and cultural impacts for families and communities. And disputes brought by legitimate landholders can delay or undermine projects, potentially causing losses to commercial operators or failing to deliver the intended public good. Many countries have old-fashioned expropriation rules, ill-suited to addressing the challenges involved. But Cameroon is well-placed to learn from and harness best practice: the ongoing process to reform legislation on compulsory acquisition is an opportunity to develop an effective system that both protects land rights and facilitates developments that are genuinely in the public interest.
Need of Compliance to Legal and Social Framework for Land Based Investments in India 1Bhartiya Agriculture Economic Research Center, India; 2M P Law College, Auranagabd India has seen a sea of changes in the field of land acquisition, especially in last 10 years. We wish to present a 360-degree view of these changes based on our research and data based analysis. Our work is based on following areas: 1. Qualitative & quantitative analysis of legal disputes over land conflicts litigated before Supreme Court of India between 1950 and 2016. Supreme court cases are representative of the country as it hears the cases from across the country. 2. Comprehensive analysis of the provisions of the RFCTLARR, 2013, followed by comparative study of amendments related to the dilutions in the said act. 3. Findings of a detailed ground level surveys on land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement proceedings undertaken for large-scale land based projects across the Indian states.
Understanding Compensation From The Viewpoint Of Owners And Users Affected By Projects: An Assessment Of Selected Land And Water Development Projects In Turkey Ankara University Understanding Compensation From The Viewpoint Of Owners And Users Affected By Projects: An Assessment Of Selected Land And Water Development Projects In Turkey
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8:30am - 10:00am | 05-13: Securing Forest Tenure for Rural Development: An Analytical Framework for Understanding and Strengthening Forest Tenure Security Session Chair: Gerardo Segura Warnholtz, The World Bank Group, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 2-850 | ||||||||||
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Relevance of forest tenure security for sustainable development and the environment: Addressing the “Why” World Bank, United States of America How can we improve forest tenure security in our dialogue and interventions with clients and partners. Addressing the “How” World Bank, United States of America Introduction to the Tenure Assessment Tools Global Land Alliance, United States of America Securing Forest Tenure for Rural Development: An Analytical Framework for Understanding Issues and Opportunities to Strengthen Forest Tenure Security 1Equator Group; 2World Bank, United States of America; 3Land Alliance | |||||||||
10:00am - 10:30am | Coffee Break | |||||||||
Front Lobby | ||||||||||
10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-01: Regularization of rural rights: lessons learned from Ethiopia, Liberia and Zambia Session Chair: Steven Lawry, Center for International Forestry Research, United States of America | |||||||||
Preston Auditorium | ||||||||||
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Opening Remarks USAID, United States of America Expanding Land Certification to Pastoral Areas in Ethiopia USAID, Ethiopia Discussant of "Expanding Land Certification to Pastoral Areas in Ethiopia" Ministry of Agriculture, Ethiopia, Ethiopia Scaling Low-Cost Customary Land Certification in Zambia USAID, United States of America Discussant of "Scaling Low-Cost Customary Land Certification in Zambia" University of Zambia, Zambia Supporting Community Land Documentation in Liberia Namati, United States of America Discussant of "Supporting Community Land Documentation in Liberia" Liberia Land Commission, Liberia | |||||||||
10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-02: Closing gaps in research on African large farms Session Chair: Derek Byerlee, Georgetown University, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 13-121 | ||||||||||
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An Integrated Assessment Of The Inverse Size-Productivity Relationship In Malawi 1University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China, People's Republic of; 2World Bank; 3LUANAR; 4University of Minnesota To explore if inclusion of large farms that are normally not captured in household-based samples explains the inverse farm-size productivity relationship, we combine production data collected using the same instrument from Malawi’s national household survey (IHS4) and a representative sample of estates. A strong negative relationship between plot-level output value or profits where household labor is valued at shadow prices and cultivated area at household or parcel level (including with household fixed effects) emerges but evaporates if profits are computed using market wages. The fact that corporate estates that face less labor market constraints, show now IR points towards labor market imperfections rather than measurement error or edge effects as a main contributing factor. Higher levels of labor input on smaller plots (including by corporate estates) point towards a potential role of unobserved soil quality and ways to test these are discussed.
Options for formalizing customary tenure and their impact: Evidence from Zambia 1World Bank, United States of America; 2IAPRI Ways of formalizing customary tenure that maximize productivity and discourage speculative land acquisition are an important issue for land abundant African countries. Often, the default option, based on colonial traditions and arguments regarding credit access, has been conversion to state land. A simple conceptual model suggests that, with costly information/enforcement by the state and a non-zero probability of investments failing (or speculative land acquisition), ‘informal’ arrangements may be preferable is a range of situations. IV regressions using a survey data from 1,250 emergent farmers in Zambia support this by suggesting that (i) full formal title is needed for long-term investment in high value crops; (ii) informal documents by chiefs increase output and profits from crop production (by some 20%); and (iii) formalization increases the likelihood of speculative land holding especially by outsiders. Policy implications for case where issuance of state title and monitoring are costly are drawn out.
Land productivity and plot size: Is measurement error driving the inverse relationship? The World Bank, United States of America
Capturing the missing middle: Comparing Zambia's emergent & smallholder farmers 1IAPRI, Zambia; 2World Bank ..
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-03: What role for data standards to sustain land administration services? Session Chair: Cornelis de Zeeuw, Kadaster, Netherlands, The The goals for land administration have been set: “land rights for all by 2030” (SDG’s). To achieve this, basic principles for land administrtion and data standards have been defined, that now should be brought to practice. This would help build sustainability, scalability, gradual development and affordability of land administration systems and approaches. The use of standards is essential and is now coming into a phase of practice. It is shown that common agreement on these issues ask for common denominators in attributes, scale, time and location. ISO and OGC have a lead in the development of these standards. But donors, governments and private companies co-determine results and success. Open standards can be specifically developed for procurement and implementation of land administration systems. | |||||||||
MC 2-800 | ||||||||||
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Applying LADM/STDM in Donor Financed Projects World Bank, United States of America to be filled Global Cooperation and Gains – Land Administration Standards - A Call to Further Action OGC, United States of America Updating and modernizing interoperability for land administration and harmonizing existing efforts is complex and requires continued strong collaboration amongst standards development organizations, associations, and societies. Established and emerging Standards, models, domains, best practices and technologies including, but not limited to , OGC’s LandInfra, OGC CtiyGM/GML, ISO 19152 LADM, LandXML, BIM/IFC/3d Cadaster, Distributed Ledgers and Crypto location , RDF/Linked Data, GeoJSON , unified code list management and others are all pieces of the puzzle that hold the potential to improve global land administration. From an operational perspective, it is proposed the great gains made by the global community’s cooperation and collaboration move to the next step, which is the development of a pilot to help test how the various pieces, including implementations from technology providers, can help using scenarios that mimic operational requirements, with a focus on emerging nations.
Commercial Software and Interoperability ESRI, United States of America People all over the world and across every field use ArcGIS to integrate and unify data to make better decisions and empower people to see and share information holistically. ArcGIS users have created countless essential GIS applications across hundreds of thousands of organizations. For over 40 years, Esri has focused on interoperability as a basic design principle of our products. The ArcGIS platform is engineered to be open and interoperable. To create an open system, Esri has adopted a multifaceted approach, which includes the following: ■ Leveraging Standards—IT and GIS standards ■ Open Architecture—Open APIs ■ Engaging Communities—Sharing applications and experiences IT and Standards in Practice Kadaster, Netherlands, The Processes and transactions in Land Administration are outside the scope of the Land Administration Domain Model Edition I published in 2012. Reason is that processes were considered to be country specific. Generic processes would be too difficult to model. This view needs reconsideration – given developments as Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration, Apps and blockchain. In many countries different organizations have their own responsibilities in data maintenance and supply, but may communicate on the basis of standardised administrative and technical update processes. Operationalisation and implementation of LADM requires attention to this aspect - at least at conceptual level (not prescriptive). This will an issue in the development of LADM Edition II and this is the issue that is explored in this paper.
The Need for A Standard in Country Implementation DNP, Colombia to be filled
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-05: Improving Land Service Delivery in Africa II Session Chair: Moses Kusiluka, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlement Development, Tanzania | |||||||||
MC 7-860 | ||||||||||
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Zambia’s National Land Titling Programme- challenges and opportunities 1Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Zambia; 2Tetratech The National Land Titling Programme was conceived in 2014 to place all land in Zambia on title. In 2014 only about 142000 certificates of title for a country with a land area of 752614 square kilometres. Almost 80 percent of the land is not registered and bringing all this land under title is a massive undertaking. The programme objectives are to guarantee security of tenure, reduce displacements, promote internal security and increase the revenue base and investment in the Country thereby contributing to socio-economic development. To achieve this objective the government of Zambia has piloted the implementation of the National Land Titling in two areas of Lusaka. In customary areas work has been done by private partners to document land rights. The government has also engaged the World Bank with the view to seek technical assistance in upscaling the efforts from the pilots and develop revenue potential from land titling.
Implementation of the National Land Information System (NLIS) in Uganda: Strengthening Land Governance 1Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD), Republic of Uganda; 2IGN FI The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD), supported by the World Bank, has engaged a consortium led by IGN FI to implement the second phase of the National Land Information System from February 2015 to February 2020. The system integrates land registration, land administration, surveying and mapping, physical planning, property valuation and land records. Provided as a World Bank loan, the total cost of the NLIS is valued at US$66 million including the construction of buildings. Established in fulfillment of Government of Uganda policies, the NLIS and has demonstrated substantial improvements in accountability and service delivery in terms of time, security and cost effectiveness. Over US$113 million in revenue has already been collected and the NLIS has resulted in a significant reduction in: 1) backdoor transactions, 2) forgeries and graft, and 3) challenges associated with missing land records and demonstrated a solid contribution to the development of Uganda.
Implementation Strategy for Land Administration in Mozambique 1DINAT - National Directorate of Lands, Mozambique; 2Verde Azul/DINAT - National Directorate of Lands, Mozambique; 3EXI LDA, Mozambique; 4Kadaster, Netherlands, The This paper proposes an implementation mechanism for the Land Sector Strategic Plan in Mozambique. A clear priority is identified in this proposal: DUAT production for 5 million parcels before 2025 combined with an land administration organisation where maintenance can be performed. This allows for the future development and introduction of a more comprehensive land governance. Land administration is considered as a business that operates within legal frameworks. This business approach implies result orientation, minimal possible costs, cost recovery where possible and transparency in execution of the business. Topographic mapping and land use planning should be included in this business approach. Implementation of the Land Sector Strategic Plan of Mozambique can be achieved by one unique, single and autonomous organisation for land administration and topographic mapping.
Developing an Integrated Land Information Management System (ILMIS) for Tanzania 1Office of the Prime Minister (OPM), Republic of Tanzania; 2Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development (MLHHSD), Republic of Tanzania; 3IGN FI; 4Innola Solutions Tanzania has not been able to tap many opportunities presented by its land resources because most of the land is not yet planned, surveyed and registered. The process of land parcel registration is complicated and expensive. The Government is committed to land-related reforms and to economic and public sector change as a firm basis to achieve the envisaged strategic development objectives. The design, supply, installation, and commissioning of the Integrated Land Management Information System (ILMIS) project will fully integrate all aspects of land management in two stages: the Pilot Stage and the Development Stage. Service delivery will start with business units in the Eastern Zone and Kinondoni Municipal Council and the roll-out to the rest of the country will commence on completion of the pilot stage in July 2018. This paper and presentation will provide insights into the pilot implementation of ILMIS comprising land administration, survey and mapping, and registration.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-06: The Political Economy of Land and Mining Session Chair: Philippe Lavigne Delville, Institut de recherche pour le développement, France | |||||||||
MC 6-100 | ||||||||||
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The Capture of the Commons: Militarized Pastoralism and Struggles for Control of Surface and Sub-Surface Resources in Southwest Central African Republic Tetra Tech ARD, United States of America Deep seated political and economic instability in the Central African Republic (CAR) is linked to the migration of militarized pastoralist groups from surrounding countries into the southwest long occupied by sedentary peoples engaged in farming, forest product extraction, and artisanal mining of rich alluvial diamond and gold deposits. Pastoralist herds owned by urban elites of the surrounding countries are attracted to the rich water and pasture resources of the southwest, but also, the gold and diamond deposits, a major source of income from illicit mining. Traditional and statutory land management institutions have collapsed over the past decade, thereby rendering large parts of the country a defacto open access resource tenure regime. The situation may appear intractable, but this paper suggests that Local Pacts, negotiated conventions advocated by the Bangui Peace Forum, may resolve deep seated struggles over surface and sub-surface resources while contributing to peace building and social cohesion.
Customary Tenure Adaptation and the International Economy: Engagement with Global Markets through the Transformation of Surface and Sub-Surface Customary Tenure Regimes in Diamond Mining Areas of northern Côte d’Ivoire Tetra Tech ARD, United States of America The West African Sahel and Sudano-Guinean zones have long been integrated into the global economy through commodity exports. Few studies explore how resource tenure evolves as a consequence. This paper portrays how two diamond mining areas of northern Côte d’Ivoire (Séguéla and Tortiya) are adapting in an astonishingly rapid fashion not only to changing dynamics in the diamond economy, but also, around new markets for cashews. Both customary and statutory tenurial institutions and local level rule-making are redefining traditional land use norms and resource tenure arrangements to surface and sub-surface resources. Local communities plan for the use of their territorial spaces, and as in these two cases, community land use planning is often more efficient, effective, and adaptable than government land policies and land use development plans. Weak states, confronted with severe human and financial constraints should encourage these endogenous planning processes rather than impose cumbersome territorial land use planning.
Managing Conflict and Fostering Cooperation Between the State and Customary Land Owners as a Precondition for the Effective Formalization of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in West Africa: The Case of Diamonds in Côte d’Ivoire Tetra Tech, United States of America The disconnect between customary and statutory land tenure systems is a key feature and challenge in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, especially with respect to mineral resources. Policy-makers and practitioners engaged with artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), however, rarely take a property rights lens on the social, political and environmental challenges of the sector. Instead they focus on the concept of formalization, and how removing barriers to legalization and better integration into the formal economy helps promote good governance and local development. This paper examines how the customary-statutory divide in land management can help explain and offer new policy options for ASM formalization. The paper draws upon the case of artisanal diamond mining in Côte d’Ivoire and the ways in which conflict and cooperation between state and traditional land owners over diamond mining during the last 30 years has been decisive in determining the extent and sustainability of formalization.
Customary Authorities and their Impact on the Political Economy of the Artisanal Mining Sector in Eastern DRC Tetratech, ARD, Congo, Democratic Republic of the In Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) customary authorities have varying roles related to tenure rights, and in particular access to land and mineral resources. This presentation draws on two case studies to illustrate differences in how customary authority impacts the local mining economy and the establishment of conflict free minerals supply chains in the DRC. This includes n access to mineral resources, investment,and related impacts for conflict free sourcing initiatives. The first case study focuses on Walungu Territory, where the traditional authority owns the rights over land. The second case study focuses on Mwenga territory where traditional authorities do not have rights over land. The impacts of these two different models of customary authority on the artisanal mining sector and land use/access will be discussed, including implications for policy, investment and the establishment of conflict free minerals for the DRC
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-07: Accommodating Legal Pluralism at National Level Session Chair: Raelene Webb, National Native Title Tribunal, Australia | |||||||||
MC 7-100 | ||||||||||
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Decolonizing Land law in Western African Countries and Recognizing Legitimate Land Tenure Rights 1World Bank, United States of America; 2French Technical Committee on Land Tenure and Development The main objective of the presentation is to think of how it could be possible to recognizing and securing land tenure rights in Africa for a majority of stakeholders, in a short, in an affordable way for beneficiaries. The presentation will present and explain some key legal principles based on recent land policy and reform processes in Western African countries. These principles could have consequences in both rural and urban areas and also peri urban areas. The presentation will not be only a theoretical exercise but will also provide examples and questions raised currently in recent land reform implementation, in particular in Benin and Mali. But Niger, Senegal and Burkina will be heuristic examples as well to clarify some of these key legal principles. Lastly, the presentation will present some challenges and risks to implement and make effective and implementable these well-known legal mechanisms but quite innovative in African countries.
Legal Pluralism: A Terrain of Contestation for Rights-Based Land Governance in Myanmar 1International Water Management Institute, Lao People's Democratic Republic; 2Kyoto University, Japan; 3International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC Dominant state control over land plays a critical role in producing land dispossession throughout the Global South. In Myanmar, state’s approach towards territorial expansion drives the country’s system of land governance, resulting in widespread and systemic land grabbing. This article investigates ongoing reform processes and brings to light key structural challenges in the country’s land governance system: 1) the government’s drive to formalise land ownership, which has threatened customary land tenure rights and legitimised land grabbing practices; 2) institutional inertia that impeded the current government’s reform efforts; and 3) the underlying problems of data inconsistency partly due to serial, historical land confiscation. From a policy perspective, we highlight the need to position legal pluralism as a terrain of contestation for rights-based approaches in land governance, meaning that pluralistic legal systems and norms are contradictory in their capacity to both limit but also generate opportunities for supporting local community’s land rights.
The Necessity to Consider the Complexities Inherent within Pluralistic Legal Systems When Introducing Domestic Property Law Reform – The Case of Sri Lanka University of Queensland, Australia In countries where pluralistic legal systems and customary tenure exist, translating land policy reform to effective legal framework is not an easy task. Although this process is impacted largely by the prevailing local social, economic and political conditions, there are other contributory factors: the reluctance of the local community to accept change, the inability to change some deep-rooted customary practices and the inability to move past colonial influence. In some cases, it requires looking beyond these factors to find ways to harmonize the past with the present by exploring innovative solutions that accommodate customary tenure. Using Sri Lanka as a case study, this paper examines the necessity to consider the complexities within a legal pluralistic society of the interaction between formal law and customary law when introducing property law reform.
Endogenous land privatization in rural Uganda: What are the implications for customary land governance and customary land dispute resolution policies? SOAS, University of London, United States of America This paper considers the impact of endogenous land privatization on customary land governance and customary land dispute resolution policies in Africa. I analyze a magistrate court-directed mediation hearing for a customary land dispute, which I observed in October of 2015 in eastern Uganda. I explain how the dispute and mediation hearing illuminate the growing trend of rural land privatization across Africa. This paper also provides a comparative analysis of customary and statutory land dispute resolution practices. Political and economic change in eastern Uganda has caused a weakening in customary land governance; yet, my analysis of the mediation hearing shows how both customary and statutory land dispute resolution methods remain salient in practice. Evidence of their complementarity carries important implications for the development and/or reform of land dispute resolution policies. More broadly, this paper underscores the need for sustainable land reform in Africa, particularly in areas where customary tenure predominates.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-08: Land Records, Valuation and Property Taxes: The Link to Ownership Session Chair: James Kavanagh, RICS, United Kingdom | |||||||||
MC 8-100 | ||||||||||
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Capturing Untapped Land Revenues: Lessons From African Cities International Growth Centre, United Kingdom Land and property taxes offer a significant source of untapped municipal revenues for rapidly developing cities that is both fair and efficient. However, across many developing cities, these taxes are unable to meet their potential because of revenue leakages in registration, valuation and collection. Efforts to reform these systems can yield significant benefits for cities – but require addressing political challenges and administrative costs associated with reform. This presentation looks at lessons to be drawn from the experiences of a range of African cities in harnessing the benefits of land and/or property taxation whilst addressing these challenges.
Satellite Image Analysis for Operational Maintenance of a Property Database for Dakar City 1Airbus Defence and Space, United Kingdom; 2New Africa Consulting, Senegal The city government of Dakar, Senegal, has a requirement to generate revenues for developing and maintaining city infrastructure and services. The legal framework for property taxation is already in place, but the city lacks resources to collect and maintain the information needed to calculate the tax due. Using very high resolution satellite data the land parcels and building extents (including heights) can be monitored through a combination of 3D image analysis and field data collection. This project is designed to develop an operational system for creating and maintaining a parcel reference map, whose accuracy can be further improved through GPS-based field survey, and, mapping new buildings and changed building heights. This will provide the framework for field teams to collect and maintain an accurate database of property characteristics, thereby enabling tax calculations to be made in order to support sustainable and transparent revenue generation for the City.
National Valuation Management System: Towards Enhancing Interconnectivity In Land Governance Through Digitized Valuation Data From Origination, Organization To Transmission. Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning, Kenya The development of a digital platform for management of the valuation process from data generation to submission will greatly enhance service delivery within the Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning and achieve interconnectivity for all stakeholders. he National Valuation Management System has therefore been identified as a tool that is intended to organise and safeguard land information by ensuring that land values are well documented and are easily accessible as needed The system will minimise the time and cost of accessing valuation data by all stakeholders; ensuring transparency, the accuracy of information and accountability. This information will be in the form of both spatial and non-spatial data on every registered land parcel in the country. The improved access to land information will be a catalyst for economic growth and development by enabling faster investment decision making.
Improving Land Governance In Nigeria Through Efficient Valuation Mechanisms And Practices 1PRESIDENTIAL TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON LAND REFORM, Nigeria; 2FEDERAL MINISTRY OF POWER, WORKS AND HOUSING, Nigeria Valuation of landed property is a key component of the system of land administration in a typical market-drive economy. Advancement in land governance in climes with long stretches of dismal results due to the poverty of systems and structures necessitates that valuation processes, mechanics, and practices undergo scrutiny to ensure its continued relevance in the interpretation of values. Over the years, the government in Nigeria had randomly sought for solutions to its land governance challenges. In 2009, it established a Land Reform Committee to recommend measures that would enhance the system. Expected key deliveries included the development of valuation mechanisms that would identify and cure the major weaknesses in the processes and practices. The Committee opted for an evidence-based approach to achieving this objective and commissioned a study. This paper will share some of the findings and demonstrate how they shape the system and effectiveness of land governance in Nigeria.
Rebuilding Property Tax Assessment Systems – The Case of Port-au-Prince, Haiti Greenfield Advisors, Inc., United States of America The devastating earthquake that rocked Haiti in 2010 did more than physical damage; it also damaged systems, too. One of the systems damaged was the property tax assessment system in the City of Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti. Since the earthquake, the city government has struggled to mail tax bills, track those accounts who pay taxes, and maintain a database of property owners. Certainly there are land tenure implications here as well, but the main focus of this project is to provide a comprehensive solution to the City’s needs. Our team is putting in place a solution that has the flexibility to account for different revenue streams (property tax, signage tax, garbage collection tax) put in place by the City of Port-au-Prince. By the end of the project, we expect to provide enough capacity building so that the City can take over the complete administration of its revenue generation systems.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-09: Outside Investment at Forest Frontiers: Curse or Blessing? Session Chair: Liz Alden Wily, independent, Kenya | |||||||||
MC 9-100 | ||||||||||
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Land Trafficking: Agribusiness, Titling Campaigns and Deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon Oxfam, Peru This paper focuses on the politics of agribusiness expansion in peripheral areas of the Peruvian Amazon. The paper analyzes the mechanisms through which forested land is brought into the land market for agrarian purposes and the unintended role played by titling campaigns –supposedly aimed at regularizing the spontaneous occupation of the Amazon– in the expansion of the corporate agribusiness frontier. The legal requirements for forest conversion into agriculture are overlooked in titling campaigns, unlike the cases of corporate projects in which there is a stricter scrutiny. In this context, buying titled lands has become an attractive avenue for plantation development to skip environmental requirements. This situation has led to intensified colonization of forested lands to acquire titles and sell them to interested parties. The paper shows how the titling mechanism has been used perversely to promote processes of deforestation and land grabbing and characterizes this dynamic as land trafficking.
Land Formalization Turned Land Rush: The Case of the Palm Oil Industry in Papua New Guinea SOAS, University of London, United Kingdom This paper uses the case study of Papua New Guinea to engage with the debate around customary land formalization processes, derived from Hernando de Soto’s ‘Mystery of Capital’ (2000). The case of the oil palm industry in PNG demonstrates that customary land registration processes may be captured by powerful ‘big men’ and companies within an environment of weak and changing governance. Weak or non-existent state capacity for the regulation and enforcement of the palm oil industry have been exploited by logging/oil palm companies, surpassing various government agencies at different levels. Instead of increasing agricultural activity and national income, the case shows that customary land formalization has led to worsening poverty and wealth inequality due to biased land lease agreements between customary landowners and developers, loss of tax revenues due to tax exemptions, and a lack of service provision such as roads, schools, and health centers.
Sustainable Land Use by Smallholder Rubber Farmers in Southwest China: Acceptance, Adoption and Governance of Environmental Programs 1University of Hannover, Germany; 2Peking University, China This study deals with the implementation of sustainable land use systems in Southern China. The objective of the study is to assess the opportunities and constraints of introducing environmentally friendly rubber plantation (EFRP) among smallholder farmers in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (XSBN). We developed three models: (i) an OLS to identify the determinants of EFRP acceptance by smallholders; (ii) a panel model to analyze the changes in intercropping adoption between 2012 and 2014; (iii) an endogenous switching model to account for possible endogeneity of intercropping adoption. We find that the success of a program like EFRP in China is affected by economic conditions. Decline in rubber profitability and off-farm income opportunities pose major challenges. We conclude that without a well-designed implementation plan, i.e. a targeted extension program, and appropriate and attractive incentive schemes a program like EFRP is unlikely to achieve its expected its goals.
Farm production efficiency and natural forest extraction: Evidence from Cambodia 1Leibniz University Hannover, Germany; 2Manchester University, United Kingdom Farm production and natural forest extraction remain principal livelihood strategies of local people in many rural areas of the developing world. In this paper, we apply stochastic frontier analysis to evaluate farm production efficiency and simultaneous equations modelling to estimate the interrelationship between farm production efficiency and natural forest extraction. We use a two year panel data set of 430 rural households in Stung Treng province of Cambodia. We find that natural forest extraction is decreasing in farm production efficiency. Our results suggest that improving farm production efficiency, via the promotion of rural education and privatization of farm land, should be considered an integral component of natural forest conservation policy.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-10: Socio-Economic Effects of Tenure Regularization Session Chair: Frits Van Der Wal, Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Netherlands, The | |||||||||
MC 10-100 | ||||||||||
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Agricultural Policies in Colombia: The Dilemma between Food Security and Commodity–Export Agriculture (Case Study of Tolima, Colombia) 1Mississippi State University, United States of America; 2Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin, Colombia Is there a disconnect between food and agricultural policies in Colombia? If so, why is that the case? This paper suggests that in a scenario of the structural transformation of agricultural production, central governments no longer need to rely in their rural periphery to obtain foods, instead they can rely on external sources to do so. On the other side of the equation, rural areas are no longer existential for state consolidation, but critical for obtaining tax revenue from export-oriented agricultural production in order to sustain the provision of public goods in urban areas (Rico Mendez, 2016). Using the case of Tolima-Colombia the paper will approach the problem through the analysis of: 1) National policies for food security and agricultural production; 2) the structural transformation in food systems; and 3) institutional changes in rural areas. Results from this research are critical for the post-accords in Colombia.
Macroeconomic and Fiscal Impacts of Land Reform in Uganda: Lessons Drawn from Bank Funded Operations in PSCP and CEDP World Bank, Uganda The Government of the Republic of Uganda (GoU) through the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD) has been implementing the Land Component under the Competitive and Enterprise Development Project (CEDP) with funds provided by the World Bank and the GoU. In order to evaluate impact, the forthcoming paper intends to discuss whether the above described program of reforms have (a) provided security of tenure to the targeted populations, (b) enabled the newly secured owners to use their property as collateral for obtaining credit, or to invest in productivity optimizing activities; (c) promoted land and property markets, (d) reduced transaction cost for land and property transfers; ( e) improved land administration effectiveness, (f) improved government revenue through land and property taxation, (g) encouraged improved investment in rural and urban low income housing; (h) improved and assured better access to rural and urban land services, (i) assured improved planning decisions.
A Land Administration Project In Honduras Assesses The Positive Effects Of Land Titling 1FAO, Italy; 2Instituto de la Propiedad, Honduras; 3RegioPlan, Honduras; 4World Bank In 2016, the second phase of the Land Administration Project in Honduras (PATH II) conducted by the Property Institute (IP), carried out a study to determine to which degree supporting the security of tenure improves livelihoods in poor households. This program, which received a loan from the World Bank and technical support of the FAO Investment Center, was the continuity and expansion of the previous PATH I. Both projects focused on strengthening land information systems and land administration institutions, updating cadaster, land titling for poor households and the recognition of indigenous territorial rights. The assessment clearly demonstrates the positive impacts of the land titling program on the perception of tenure security in poor households, which has translated into greater investments made in housing and businesses. This evaluation also highlights the relevance of this project, since poor households have very limited opportunities to obtain land titles of their own accord.
Security of Tenure Model: Its Impact on Livelihoods of Small Holder Farmers in Zimbabwe Following the Land Reform Programme. A Case Study of Chifundi and Elmily Park in Makonde District: Mashonaland West Province. Ministry of Lands,Agriculture and Rural Resettlement, Zimbabwe Zimbabwe has an agricultural based economy hence land is a fundamental pillar for economic growth and employment creation. Post-Independence, the Government embarked on a Land Reform Programme which saw Zimbabweans who hitherto were landless now being owners of productive land. Tenure security issued to small holder farmers in resettled areas has contributed to increased productivity and substantial developments. Over the years, the level of productivity and investment in the study area has improved significantly. Women in the study area have acknowledged land is an essential resource in their lives and secured access to the resource has empowered women to support their livelihoods. Efforts by the Government to accord every land holder secure tenure should be strengthened as this influences the relationship between people and the land, the level of investment the land owner will make and the financial assistance the land holder will receive ultimately resulting in transformed livelihoods.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-11: Fit-For-Purpose Approaches: Land Professionals' Role Session Chair: Christophe Dekeyne, IGN FI, France | |||||||||
MC C1-100 | ||||||||||
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The Geodetic Surveyor in the Heart of the Land Management: towards the Concept of « Sustainable Fit for Purpose » CLGE (Comité de Liaison des Géomètres Européens), Belgium, Europe The paper presents the importance of the sustainability of Fit for Purpose projects. Results of different events or projects will be presented and compared to current publications about this topic: - a workshop on Fit for Purpose held in Postdam (DE), 30 September 2017 - the ongoing International Land Measurement Coalition Project - a round table about the sustainability of Fit for Purpose approaches held in Paris (FR). 29 January 2018 As land professionals, we believe that the idea of making "fast and cheap" lacks sustainability. To implement a Sustainable Fit- For-Purpose land administration it is important to call-in specialists who have mastered the subject and who can demonstrate the effectiveness of the systems recommended by their experience. On this condition, participatory methods are quite conceivable and even desirable. Indeed, local owners are best placed to indicate the supposed position of their parcel boundaries
The Role of the Private Land-Related Sector in Supporting the 2030 Global Agenda LE34, Denmark This paper describes the role of the private land-related sector and land professionals in general in achieving the SDGs. It explains why the involvement of the private sector is crucial not only for achieving the SGDs, but also for the companies themselves in order to create a sustainable and long-lasting business. Additionally, the paper focuses on the importance of incorporating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies as a driver for the involvement, and how private companies can meet the challenge of contributing to the 2030 global agenda. In this regard, a number of reasons for private companies to engage in the development efforts are identified – arguably leading to a win-win situation for all parties involved.
Tackling Corruption in Urban Land Governance – The Under-Explored Route of Professional Integrity: Learnings from a Pilot and Promising Ways Forward Transparency International - Secretariat, Germany Corruption is a major obstacle to land governance. Yet, some of the most recent advances in anti-corruption thinking – a shift from narrow, punitive approaches to curb corruption to a broader emphasis on nurturing integrity - are so far not being harnessed fully in initiatives that address corruption in land governance. This paper will report on an innovative pilot initiative to translate this broader emphasis on integrity into practical action: a course module on corruption and integrity for urban planning education and training, jointly developed and piloted in early 2017by the African Center for Cities at University of Cape Town and Transparency International. The paper elaborates on the rationale for such a module, presents its content, shares the lessons learnt from the pilot and offers a policy-practical outlook on where such a promising approach could venture next to live up to its significant potential to support integrity in urban land governance.
Trust on Land 1Lantmateriet, the Swedish mapping, cadastre and land registration authority, Sweden; 2LANDnet Uganda Land is one of our ultimate resources for human beings to exist on earth. From that perspective it is necessary that we take care of the land respectfully in a sustainable manner. This said not least in the view of SDGs and Agenda2030, signed by most of the countries in the UN. Many countries have also adopted nice land policies and political intentions to manage land efficient without discrimination on sex, ethnic background, status etc. Coming to practice and implementation, we have seen a huge number of fail and mistakes. Why is it in that way? We believe that one important key is that real actions on land must be built on trust. From these starting points we will discuss the matter on how to build trust, giving examples from a common training programme for 5 countries in eastern Africa.
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-12: Infrastrcuture investments and Compulsory Acquisition Processes Session Chair: Jonathan Lindsay, World Bank, United States of America | |||||||||
MC C1-200 | ||||||||||
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National Land Commission experience in acquiring land for mega investments in Lamu County – Kenya. NATIONAL LAND COMMISISON, Kenya Land in Kenya is categorized into three namely Private (16%), Public (17%) and Community (67%). Whenever the government wants to acquire land for public infrastructural development, it can only acquire private and community land. The body mandated to compulsory acquire land for public use is the National Land Commission. The National Land Commission was called upon to compulsory acquire land in one specific county situated at the coast of Kenya, namely Lamu. Since 2014 several public projects have been earmarked and some implemented in this area i.e. the LAPSSET Project, Coal Plant and Kenwind Power Project. There also other projects of similar nature in Lamu County that would require substantial amounts of land, but these are yet to be implemented.
Developing a Transit-Oriented Development Strategy for the Lima Metro: Challenges and Opportunities The World Bank Group In this paper, we explore how the benefits of transport infrastructure investments could be amplified by improving urban planning, land use and development of neighborhoods surrounding Metro stations in Lima, Peru. Concretely we propose actions in the following 3 areas: (a) the cadastral system of Lima to support the land value capture of potential TOD and urban renewal areas; (b) the development of land value capture instruments to be applied; and, (c) the strengthening of the capacity of the local authority in charge of the formulation and development of a potential TOD project.
GIS Analysis on The Mismatch between the Roads in Cadaster and in Reality due to the Saemaul Road Project in Korea. LX Korea Land and Geospatial Informatix Corporation, Korea, Republic of (South Korea) In the 1960s, Korea had a tremendous increase in agriculture output by construction of Sasemaul Road that is one of the Saemaul Undong. However, it caused a disagreement of roads between in the cadaster and the reality, which led to various social problems. First of all, in order to resolve this problem, it is necessary to research the nationwide status of the lands including the problems. For this research, GIS spatial analysis are used for extracting the priority areas where there are many lands including the problems. Five pilot sites were selected for the analysis and it is possible to confirm the differences according to regional characteristics. The government will be able to make the budget effectively for dividing roads to drive and walk from the private lands and purchasing them by the result of spatial analysis.
How land value capture(LVC) has financed infrastructure, affordable housing, and urban development in Bogota-Colombia 1World Bank, Colombia; 2World Bank, HQ; 3Bogota Cadastral Main aspects of the LVC instruments applied in Bogota as land readjustment, development rights and plusvalue capture includes: i) fair participation of stake holders in real estate projects, ii) technical, legal and financial mechanisms for its implementation, iii) inclusion of the destination of the LVC instrument in the muncipal budget, iv) urban land generated per instrument, and v) the role of the multipurpose cadaster system in the LVC implementation procedure. Identifying main characteristics in the optimal implementation of these instruments will be an step for the definition of a methodology that orientates LVC application in LAC for urban development as: i) stake holder participation mechanisms, ii) land management process, iii) institutional arrangement for public and private sector participation, and iv) cadaster system mechanism for the LVC implementation
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10:30am - 12:00pm | 06-13: Leveraging LGAF Session Chair: Thea Hilhorst, World Bank, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 2-850 | ||||||||||
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Ghana: Leveraging LGAF for land policy road map and designing NELGA support to monitoring and analytical capacity building KNUST, Ghana ..
Building on LGAF for Land Governance Activity Mapping FAO, Italy ..
Using LGAF for monitoring and sharing good practice in IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Djibouti ..
LGAF a diagnosis approach to analyse the land governance in North Africa Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medecine, Morocco ..
Guatemale: Building a Policy Dialogue Around Housing using LGAF Land Alliance, Peru .. | |||||||||
12:00pm - 2:00pm | Lunch | |||||||||
Front Lobby and Preston Lounge | ||||||||||
12:00pm - 2:00pm | Women's caucus | |||||||||
MC 6-100 | ||||||||||
2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-01: Implementing the AU Declaration on Land Issues and Challenges in Africa Session Chair: Paul Tchawa, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon | |||||||||
Preston Auditorium | ||||||||||
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A Briefing on ALPC 1African Union Commission, Ethiopia; 2UNECA, Ethiopia to be filled
Monitoring and Evaluation of Land Governance in Africa (MELA) at Country Level 1Bâtiment de la Direction des Services Topographiques, Madagascar; 2International Food Policy Research Institute , United States; 3UNECA, Ethiopia to be filled
The Network of Excellence on Land Governance in Africa (NELGA) 1Ardhi University, Tanzania; 2UNECA, Ethiopia Abstract The African Union Declaration on Land Issues and Challenges in Africa of 2009 main objective is to promote land governance, land policy development and implementation in the continent. One of the key element of the declaration is the commitment of Heads of State and Government to take responsibility and spearhead land reform processes through strengthening institutions for effective land governance. Since then, a number of milestones have been achieved among them is the establishment of a Network of Excellence on Land Governance in Africa (NELGA). This paper provides an account of the process, set up, progress and achievements made in establishment of NELGA in the continent. It is noted that five regional nodes have been set up. These established nodes have made significant progress towards capacity development to strengthen human resource capacity and institutions in land administration and governance in Africa, in line with the AU Agenda on Land.
Championing the 30 Percent Campaign for Documented Land Rights for African Women 1Public Services Commission, Namibia; 2UNECA, Ethiopia to be filled
Integrating Land in National Agricultural Investment Plans: Lessons Learned 1UNECA, Ethiopia; 2Ministry of Lands, Tanzania to be filled
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-02: Blockchains and privatization: Who Owns the Data? Session Chair: Josephus van Erp, Maastricht University, Netherlands, The VC/ webex | |||||||||
MC 13-121 | ||||||||||
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Data Ownership and Data Trade in Privatized and/or Blockchain Based Land Registries 1Maastricht University, Netherlands, The; 2Netherlands' Cadaster, Land Registry and Mapping Agency Any land registration system is a source of an enormous amount of data, created by several data producers, which only gradually is being discovered, valued and realised by those involved: Citizens whose property is on the register, governments which add geospatial data, commercial users who offer supplementary services, notaries and conveyancers adding legal information about, e.g., transfer and mortgages, judicial enforcement officers adding legal information about, e.g., seizures and attachment, and, last but not least, land registries themselves which are using the data that are stored under their supervision to create derived and (in a technical sense) manipulated data so they can provide any required information to users with information tools which they market as part of their business model. Added to this mix of (private and government) data producers and users now come IT companies, introducing blockchain technology. Thus making the question even more pressing: Who owns which data?
What Should We Do (or Not Do) with Land Administration Data? IPRA-CINDER (International Property Registries Association), Spain To be What Should We Do (or Not Do) with Land Administration Data? ELRA - European Land Registry Association, Belgium Traditional systems of land registration are under pressure lately. States consider them as being too expensive and also they meet difficulties in providing security of tenure over the bundle of rights custimary land rights may contain. Furthermore for the organisation of the service the rapidly changing technological context has to be taken into account. Privatisation of existing public services may be considered as a sollution. In this contribution we try to review the pro's and contra's of this choice from a stakeholders point of view.
What Should We Do (or Not Do) with Land Administration Data? Union Internationale des Huissiers de Justice (UIHJ), United States of America Nobody will deny that the land is spearheading economic growth. Its administrative organization must therefore have transparent, secure and guaranteed management. It is obvious that the use of the blockchain will confer these qualities on cadastral administrative data. However, we must not neglect the questions and problems that may arise and that relate to both the system of registration of data and its consequences. Initially, the implementation of cadastral data on the block chain raises the problem of the legal regime applicable to liability and of the degree of legal certainty provided to citizens. In a second time it is on the contracts attached to the life of these data and their execution that the questions will concern: which law to apply? What about the forced execution of these contracts in case of non-execution? Answering a question with another question can help you think further ...
What Should We Do (or Not Do) with Land Administration Data? Dutch Cadastre, Land Registry and Mapping Agency (Kadaster), Netherlands, The To be
A Critical Evaluation of Privatization of Land Administration and Trade in Data AUT University, New Zealand Discussion of privatisation of land registries and ownership of data and information from an Australasian perspective.
Proto-typing Blockchain Technology for Land Registry Systems Thomson Reuters, Bolivia, Plurinational State of .. Data Ownership and Data Trade in Privatized and/or Blockchain Based land Registries Notar Dr. Leif Böttcher, LL.M. Due to the outstanding importance of land as an economic good, all land registers have traditionally been kept by State authorities. Now that some States have privatised their land registers, the question of the legal fate of the data and access to them is becoming increasingly important: while some people fear that privatisation could lead to restrictions on access for consultation and that it could not be done free of charge, other emphasise the economic benefits of privatisation. However, these issues must be separated: The question of who keeps the land register does not reveal anything about who can access use or exploit the data and whether this access is to be granted free of charge. Various interests – those of the owners, the economic operators and the public – need to be reconciled. The function of the land register within the land transfer system also plays a decisive role.
Legal Aspects of Blockchain-based Land Registries American Univeristy, United States of America to be filled | |||||||||
2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-03: Learning from Responsible Land Investment Projects: Progress and Constraints Session Chair: Chris Penrose Buckley, DFID, United Kingdom | |||||||||
MC 2-800 | ||||||||||
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Land & People: challenges and opportunities for non-resettlement projects Portucel Moçambique, Mozambique Portucel Mozambique (PMZ) is a private company owned by The Navigator Company and subsidiary of IFC which holds the right to use an area of 356,000 hectares, assigned by the Government of Mozambique for the implementation of a forest-based industry for pulp production. Based on the resulting characterization of the environmental and social impact study, which revealed the presence of more than 24000 low-income households in the areas of DUAT attributed to the company, innovative tools were created, mainly in the social and environmental domains. Examples of these innovative mechanisms are the Portucel Development Community Programme (PDCP), land access procedure, relationship with the communities, grievance mechanism or the mosaic model. At the stakeholder engagement and land access levels a participatory methodology is being tested with PMZ support that is expected to have an important role in the progress of the project, promoting greater transparency and community engagement solutions.
Efforts to Clarify Tenure Rights and Strengthen Land Governance in Portucel’s Mozambique Forestry Investment Terra Firma Lda, Mozambique The paper addresses the implementation of an approach to securing and documenting community and family land rights in Mozambique in the context of a large-scale forestry plantation investment. This approach places emphasis upon building institutional capacity within local community groups, and the mapping and certification of household land holdings, as pre-cursors to land access negotiations between them and the investment proponents. The strengthening of institutional capacity is achieved through the formal delimitation and certification of the collective land holdings, and the establishment of communal property associations to represent the communities as corporate, rights-holding entities. Community land use plans are then developed to identify areas for conservation and preservation, as well as potential sites for public or private investments. The approach represents a shift from the vague, nebulous and unenforceable community-investor agreements that characterise the ceding of community land in Mozambique towards specific, detailed agreements that are rights-based and enforceable.
Evolving agribusiness development strategy World Bank, United States of America
From Commitment to Practice: Experience Supporting Operationalization of Illovo Sugar Land Rights Commitments Landesa, United States of America to be filled
Securing and Delivering Corporate Commitments to Implement the VGGT: Experience and Lessons from Illovo Sugar Illovo Sugar Africa Ltd, United Kingdom to be filled
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-04: Land Restitution in Post-Conflict Situations Session Chair: David F. Varela, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia | |||||||||
MC 6-860 | ||||||||||
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Land Restitution in the context of Peace Building WORLD BANK, Colombia Land restitution might contribute to consolidate peace building processes when is closely linked with the country’s overall peacebuilding objectives and in turn with their development goals, because the relationship between people and land is ultimately affected by access to markets, community ties, access to public services, and the prevention of potential conflicts. Improving the economic situation of the restituted families is essential to restore livelihoods of returnees or resettled families, including rural development and economic activities, in a broader framework of land restitution programs, towards peace building. In this sense, it is not only dealing with restitution, return or resettlement, but to prevent future conflicts through territorial development.
The Political Economy of the Rural Agreement in the Colombian Peace Accord George Mason University, United States of America Conflicts over the distribution of land have been a constant in the republican history of Colombia and consensus exists around the idea that inequality in access to the resource is at the core of the pintense civil war the country has gone through. As part of the peace agreement reached with the FARC, the Colombian Government has embarked on an Integral Rural Reform (IRR) strategy with the potential to address historical agrarian issues that have hindered the pace of development and generated protracted conflict. However, its results are expected to alter the historical status quo and consequently affect the interests of some actors. The paper describes the political economy of the IRR agreement by identifying the actors and the issues from which either support for, or resistance to, the initiative is likely to materialize as well as the effects that this can have for a peaceful and stable transition process.
Land and Conflict: Improved Governance of Tenure to Build Peace, Food Security and Sustainable Development FAO, Italy Conflicts over access, use and ownership of land remain as a major cause of social instability, food insecurity, and increased vulnerability of large segments of the population in many countries. While the roots of those conflicts are complex, land-related factors (such as insecure tenure rights, “legal pluralism” , and more generally poor land governance, including both legislation and institutions) are considered to contribute directly to them. By drawing on the land policy reform experience in Colombia after the signing of the peace accords in 2016, this paper argues that the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests can provide a framework to improve governance of tenure (both legislation and institutions) which is key in all the stages of the conflict cycle, from prevention, to recovery, reconstruction, peace building and development.
Land and Peace in Colombia: FFP Methodology for Field Data Collection and Data Handling 1Kadaster, The Netherlands; 2Agencia Nacional de Tierras, Colombia; 3ITC, University of Twente, The Netherlands; 4Adterritorio, Peru; 5Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Colombia; 6Superintendencia de Notariado y Registro, Colombia; 7consultor, IGAC, Colombia; 8consultor, Colombia; 9Banco Mundial, Colombia Effective land administration is an essential step on the road to peace in Colombia. The Colombian government plans to have a complete nation-wide land tenure coverage within seven years. The traditional approach to land administration in Colombia is not up to this policy challenge: the pace is too slow, the costs too high, the procedures too complex. Fast and effective land administration is essential for the implementation of the Reforma Rural Integral of the Peace Agreements, and to maintain public confidence in the peace process. This paper presents a methodology for a project where fit-for-purpose Land Administration is tested at scale – after a successful field test. The test will be based on two pilot areas. These are participatory and integrated pilots, leading to cadastral maps and, more important, to land titles whenever the legal framework and institutional cooperation allows for land regularization and adjudication.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-05: Improving Land Service Delivery in Africa III Session Chair: Bernis Byamukama, UK Department for International Development, Rwanda | |||||||||
MC 7-860 | ||||||||||
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Fit-for-Purpose User Rights Documentation: The case of private Mailo land in Uganda 1GIZ, Uganda; 2Makerere University, Uganda Central Uganda is characterized by the existence of Mailo-Land titles. ‘Mailo’, derived from the English word “mile”, is a feudal land tenure system originating from an agreement between the Buganda King and the British Government in 1900. However, farming of these lands was mostly done by settlers (tenants) who increasingly occupied the land over time, especially after the end of the war in the 1980s. Today, many tenants are not aware on which parcel they reside or who the actual land owner is. Furthermore, though legally their land use rights of tenants are protected by the Constitution of Uganda, in reality often no documentation exists and their situation is considered being highly vulnerable. Using fit-for-purpose technologies the land use rights of tenants are documented and through increased transparency this will allow for negotiation processes taking place between landlords and tenants in order to identify sustained solutions.
Incentives for Joint Land Titling: Experimental Evidence from Uganda 1The World Bank; 2Georgetown University; 3Northwestern University We report results from a randomized field experiment assessing the effectiveness of conditional price subsidies and information in improving women’s access to formal land tenure. We do so in the context of an ongoing land titling intervention in rural Uganda. We find that the intervention generated high demand for titling, as well as for co-titling. We find that both policy instruments further increased demand for co-titling, but had no effect on overall household demand for titling. Both instruments were therefore relatively more potent when offered in isolation. Our analysis is important given increasing policy attention to land rights institutional reforms and female empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Land Governance in an interconnected world - lessons from land Tenure Regularisation programme in Rwanda UK Department for International Development, Rwanda Land governance in an interconnectedworld;lessons from Land Tenure Regularisation Programme in Rwanda provides practical experience of land reforms in Rwanda over the last 9 years since 2009. The paper demonstrates how it is possible to achieve a low cost fit for purpose land reform programme on a massive scale when there is a combination of strong political will, massive community engagement, sustained flow of donor funds, willingness to flexibly adapt new technologies and strong emphasis on getting value for money on every aspect of reform interventions. It outlines practical lessons for countries seeking to implement land reforms on massive scale and approaches to deal with post registration challenges such as the rise of informal land transactions to ensure sustainable land services at the end of donor support.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-06: Agricultural Growth Poles & Corridors: A Fad or The Future? Session Chair: Lorenzo Cotula, IIED, United Kingdom | |||||||||
MC 6-100 | ||||||||||
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Challenge Of Shrinking Public Land In East Africa Walker Kontos, Kenya This paper will examine the challenge of shrinking public land in the context of massive energy, infrastructural and housing projects by national and county governments, as well as local and international investors. It deals with the problem of rapid urbanization, urban sprawl and informal settlements in East Africa where planning laws and regulations are either non-existent or in need of reform. It considers the effect that shrinking public land has in slowing development projects due to the high cost of land acquisition and relocation as well the severe strain on environment and in achieving sustainable development. It offers several solutions based on comparative analysis and the uniqueness of East Africa. It will examine reforms in urban planning and development as it applies to East Africa to increase the efficiency of use of land for urban development
Towards making robust land use decisions: An empirical assessment of non-material co-benefits of rural production landscapes in India 1The Unviersity of Tokyo, Japan; 2United Nation's University, Tokyo, Japan Societies derive multiple material and non-material benefits from production landscapes, of which, non-material benefits are largely overlooked in issues such as land acquisition. While material benefits are generally well-accounted in state-run land acquisition programs, understanding non-material benefits is equally important for socially inclusive land acquisition. To facilitate a rapid, landscape-scale empirical assessment of non-material benefits of production landscapes, we narrate a case study of participatory mapping of non-material co-benefits of multiple rural production landscapes from the lower Gangetic delta in India. The study attempts to map five non-material benefits, namely spiritual, aesthetics, heritage, recreational and educational, by utilizing a combination of household survey and participatory GIS. The methodology of this study relies on a rapid appraisal method which integrates the notion of place attachment and participatory mapping. As such, the results facilitate comparative understanding of non-material co-benefits on rural production landscapes; besides providing valuable information for local planners and administrators.
The Rise of Agricultural Growth Poles in Africa International Institute for Sustainable Development This paper analyzes the key challenges and opportunities linked with the development of Agricultural growth poles, also known as agropoles, in Africa. These poles represent a new trend in Africa’s agricultural development strategy, and are on the rise as many countries are implementing them or considering doing so. The paper found that Africa has seen the emergence of 36 agricultural growth poles and 9 corridors over the past 15 years, covering at least 3.5 million hectares of land in 23 countries. The paper reflects on the role of laws, policies and institutions in maximizing the opportunities offered by increased investment in agriculture through agricultural growth poles and corridors. It also presents the three key stages for developing Responsible Agricultural Growth Poles, providing key recommendations for each stage. : vision, design and implementation.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-07: Community Rights for Environmental Benefit Session Chair: Alda Salomao, CENTRO TERRA VIVA, Mozambique | |||||||||
MC 7-100 | ||||||||||
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Successful Community Stewardship of Tropical Forests: Evidence from Community Forest Concessions in Petén, Guatemala 1Bioversity International, France; 2Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Guatemala In the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala 25-year forest concessions have been granted to local communities since the 1990s. Previous studies have demonstrated that the concessions effectively halt deforestation. This study sheds light on the socio-economic benefits derived from the concessions. We carried out context analysis, community forest enterprise assessments (n=12) and household surveys (n=350) across all 12 concessions. Our findings show that forest income can lift people out of poverty while conserving the forest. These findings substantiate the claim of the communities for concession renewal due over the next few years. This evidence is particularly important as the communities are faced with powerful groups interested in oil exploration and tourism development in the MBR, as well as deforestation linked with cattle ranching, cash crop production and forest fires. We conclude with opportunities for increasing the viability of community stewardship of tropical forests in Guatemala and beyond.
Common Benefits: How Community Tenure Is Facilitating investment in the Commons for Inclusive Growth 1Center for International Forestry Research; 2ForestAction, Nepal Questions of barriers and solutions to investment in the commons have taken on increasing relevance due to the success in recent years of communities in many parts of the world in gaining stronger, legally recognized rights over collective resources. This is particularly the case with respect to forest ownership. With success in achieving stronger rights, important questions now arise over how communities can increase economic productivity and social benefits from their newly achieved control over important resources and assets, including by increasing levels of internal investment and attracting external investment. Normative economic theory and private investors posit conceptual and practical barriers to investment in commons-based enterprises. This paper considers evidence of potential pathways to overcoming perceived barriers to investment in the commons by drawing on lessons of efforts underway in four countries—Guatemala, Mexico, Nepal and Namibia—to foster investment through solutions that recognize the social character of commons ownership.
Land Rights, Inclusive Development and Benefit Sharing To Achieve CO2 Emissions Reductions 1MOKORO, United Kingdom; 2Centro Terra Viva, Maputo, Mozambique This paper looks at how customary land rights intersect with REDD+ projects to reduce CO2 emissions from forests areas with local populations. It then looks at how the emissions reductions can be guaranteed far into the future. Without this, they cannot become a vehicle for long-term investment by international institutions. The paper uses a new REDD+ emissions reduction programme (ERP) in Mozambique as a reference case. It examines how the progressive Mozambican policy and legal framework supports the design of a successful ERP seen as an integrated rural development programme, including the distribution of ER revenues to local people whose collaboration in the programme is essential. To discuss the long-term guarantee issue, the paper looks at a little used feature of the Mozambican constitution and suggests that States must embrace a more radical, devolved form of local partnership to generate ERs now, and guarantee their long-term permanence and marketability.
Foreign Investments to Support Forestry In Mexico as a Means of Increasing Resiliency Michigan State University, United States of America Community resilience measures the sustained ability of a community to utilize available resources while responding to stress, as well as withstanding and recovering from adverse situations. It takes into account social vulnerability, environmental hazards, and economic conditions. As climate change inserts increased risk and unpredictability into management and planning, resilience considerations become more crucial. With a focus on the country of Mexico, this work explores international investments in the forestry sector as a tool to increase resilience. Mexico has 138 million hectares of forest and a history of deforestation and degradation. This research uses interviews, surveys, and existing data to explore the impact on increasing community resiliency through the World Bank’s Forest Investment Program, which aids both rural development and reduced deforestation and degradation in rural and indigenous Mexican communities.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-08: Instruments to Facilitate Land Value Capture Session Chair: Robert Lewis-Lettington, UN-HABITAT, Kenya | |||||||||
MC 8-100 | ||||||||||
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Supporting Fiscal Aspect of Land Administration through an LADM-based Valuation Information Model 1Yıldız Technical University, Department of Geomatic Engineering, Turkey; 2Dutch Cadastre, Land Registry and Mapping Agency, The Netherlands; 3Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Turkey; 4Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Department OTB, GIS Technology Section, The Netherlands; 5Aalborg University, Department of Development and Planning, Denmark This paper describes an ISO Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) based valuation information model for the specification of inventories used in immovable property valuation made for public purposes. The Information model has been designed to facilitate all stages of property valuation applied for recurrently levied immovable property taxation, namely the identification of properties, assessment of properties through single or mass appraisal procedures, generation and representation of sales statistics, and dealing with appeals. It enables the recording of data concerning the parties that are involved in valuation practices, property objects that are subject of valuation, as well as their geometric, legal, physical, economic, and environmental characteristics. It is supposed that LADM Valuation Information Module will provide public bodies a common basis for the development of local or national databases, and can act as a guide for the private sector to develop information technology products.
Capturing Land Value Uplift to Deliver Infrastructure and Affordable Housing in a Market Economy - Recent UK Experience Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, United Kingdom Following the financial crash governments increasingly have been looking for ways to recoup the costs of infrastructure and other public goods. A key policy measure has been based on the capture of land value uplift arising either from public planning decisions or from the actual provision of infrastructure. This paper examines measures promoted and implemented in the UK through the planning system in the last decade. Land value capture raises ideological issues and technical land appraisal issues in devising a suitable method for implementation. It affects developed economies and emerging economies. The paper mainly addresses the technical issues associated with three related government measures. It concludes that what has been put in place is overly complex. A simple direct land taxation regime may be more effective at achieving its objectives, be easier to implement and in particular be within the capacity of emerging economies.
Evaluating Value Capture Instruments Oxford Brookes University, United Kingdom Since Henry George’s Poverty and Progress governments have developed a series of value capture instruments to extract increases in land values. These can be seen as alternatives to taxes. Whereas the taxes explicitly extract value from the owner or developer many of the other instruments can be argued to do this by stealth. This stands in the way of evaluating the effectiveness of such instruments and whether their use is the most effective way of achieving the desired objective or whether explicit taxation might be more effective. The paper applies some standard measures of the efficiency of taxes to evaluate the value capture instruments, including equity, certainty of liability, administrative efficiency, transparency, convenience, neutrality, and fairness. It compares their performance against these to those property taxes that can be used as means of value capture.
Land and Transport Policy Coordination: A proposed Recipe for Leveraging Land for Funding Infrastructure 1Universidad de los Andes, Colombia; 2World Bank Group This paper presents a general methodology for integrating transport and land use planning as the first step to leverage land values to fund infrastructure. It also include planning tools for cities to consider to integrate their land use actions with transport investment. The proposed methodology seeks to promote planning policy documents in where objectives are agreed upon and strategies. Key strategies found in this study that cities in developing countries could use to leverage land to fund infrastructure include transit-oriented development, land value capture, congestion charging, participatory planning and tactical urbanism. This study undertook a case study in the city of Semarang. After applying the proposed planning methodology, key priorities for the city were identified. From results at the city of Semarang, we found from public participation exercises that If participatory planning and a proper cadaster system is not present, changes are not likely to be sustainable in the long-term.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-09: Forest Tenure and Migration Session Chair: Jorge Munoz, World Bank, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 9-100 | ||||||||||
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Emergent Dynamics of Migration and Their Potential Effects on Forest and Land use in North Kalimantan, Indonesia 1Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia; 2Brunel University London, UK Based on a mixed-method research in Malinau District, Indonesia, we find educational purpose is the main driver of youth migration. The need to finance youth migration affected the left behind's livelihood strategies and land use decisions.The stage of development of an area played a role in defining what strategy was adopted. In addition, discussions with the educated youth returnee migrants and current education migrants reveal youth aspiration to return home upon the completion of their education. These youths also indicated their aspiration to continue agriculture and forest-based livelihoods upon their return, albeit as a side job. Our findings are significant for two reasons. It questions a common assumption in the contemporary discourses on rural development that youth are exiting agriculture/forestry sectors. It points to the need to include the next generation and their shifting aspirations and life trajectories, in policies and programs aimed at promoting sustainable and inclusive development.
What Is The Impact Of Out-migration For Employment On People and Land? Lessons For Policy And Research In Nepal 1Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia; 2Forest Action, Nepal This presentation will highlight findings from a collaborative CIFOR-Forest Action research on how out-migration for foreign employment purposes is impacting on left behind and land uses in forestry and agriculture in rural Nepal. Our research reveals that migration is a highly gendered and generation-specific phenomenon. Whether or not migration contributes to the welfare of migrant-sending communities is contingent on modes of inclusion, exclusion and adverse incorporation into migration processes. One of the profound effects of migration across the research sites is the growing disassociation of land with agriculture and food production. While one research site is experiencing greater commodification and speculation of land, another is undergoing heightened instances of fallow and underutilization of land. The findings point to the importance of broadening the debate on migration and its effects on the country, and considering the relationship between migration and land use change more seriously in policy research and public policy-making.
The effects of migration on property rights and livelihoods on forest frontiers in the Peruvian Amazon Center for International Forestry Research, Peru In the Peruvian Amazon, migration is a common strategy used by residents to access land and adapt to environmental or economic change. These patterns have drawn the attention of policy makers that flag migration and migratory agriculture as crucial drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. However, the lack of information about current migration processes and their effects on forest access have inhibited effective policy responses to perceived threats to the region’s forests. This paper draws on recent research among twelve non-indigenous rural communities to understand variation in household migration patterns, property claims and the influence of these factors on livelihood and forest. We conducted 24 focus groups and interviewed 240 randomly selected households to understand the linkages between migration patterns, property rights and forest use. While land titling initiatives have increase property rights security, informal claims persist and the interpretation of regulations excludes options for forest management by smallholders.
Land Tenure Security, Migration and the VGGTs Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Italy A good understanding of the relationship between land tenure security and migration is of strategic importance for political and development agendas. Yet, relatively little attention has been given to its study and a strong evidence base, necessary for adequate policy formulation and programme development is lacking. Hypothetically, increased tenure security would be associated to reduced migration through a weakening of push factors, while tenure insecurity would constitute an important push factor and hence increase migration. However, the relationship is more complex. China evidence shows an increase of rural-urban migration with increased tenure security in the absence of rental rights. Many dimensions in the security of tenure as well as contextual factors may alter the relationship and produce different migration outcomes. This article analyses the current literature on the subject, proposes a framework for its analysis and discusses the relevance and scope of the application of the VGGT to address the relevant issues.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-10: Streamlining Land Administration Procedures Session Chair: David Egiashvili, FAO, Italy | |||||||||
MC 10-100 | ||||||||||
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On Common Ground – Addressing Land Rights in the African Great Lakes Region ZOA, Netherlands, The The paper addresses the multi-dimensional causalities of land rights challenges and their interconnections with violent conflict in three countries of the African Great Lakes region: Uganda, Burundi and the DR Congo. While each of these countries has its own very specific context and challenges, the author argues that there are commonalities that allow for the drawing of broader lessons for practically working on land rights issues in the great lakes region, based on the experiences of locally-based projects in three countries, extensive expert consultations and the results of existing research.
Mozambique: Even a Progressive Land Law Needs Revision after a Generation of Experience DAI, United States of America Mozambique is widely regarded as having a modern and progressive land tenure framework. However, implementation has not always lived up to the promise of the original law. Twenty years of experience have revealed several areas in which the legal framework would benefit from revision and better serve its primary aims of promoting productive land use while still protecting legitimate customary land rights. Topics that were once off-limit – for example, loosening the restrictions on land rights transfers in rural areas – are now being discussed and openly debated. The time is ripe to address this and other weaknesses in the legal framework and thereby catalyze investment, increase productivity and enhance transparency in land administration. This paper examines the existing legal framework and prioritizes recommendations to achieve the above-mentioned goals while simultaneously safeguarding legitimate land rights of communities and individuals.
Assessment of Land Administration Service Delivery In Three Selected States In Nigeria - Experiences From Ekiti, Kebbi and Niger States 1Presidential Technical Committee on Land Reform, Nigeria; 2Federal Ministry of Power, Works and Housing, Nigeria; 3University of Lagos, Nigeria Good and sustainable land administration is a key factor in the overall socio-economic development of any nation. World Bank Report on Doing Business 2017 ranked Nigeria 182 among 190 economies on the ease of registering property. Since registration of land parcels commenced in Nigeria in 1863, not more than three percent of the nation’s land mass of 923,768 square kilometres have been surveyed and registered. This underlines the depth of the problem of land administration in the country. To further the appreciate the scale of the problem, the land reform committee established by government in 2009, with a mandate to recommend measures for improving land governance in the country, undertook land administration service delivery study in three states - Ekiti, Kebbi and Niger States - in addition to the study earlier undertaken in seven others. This paper will present the findings of the study and the measures recommended for improving the system.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-11: Harnessing the Benefits from Interoperability Session Chair: Kalum Udagepola, Scientific Research Development Institute of Technology Australia, Australia | |||||||||
MC C1-100 | ||||||||||
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The Notarial Role In Interconnected Land Governance High Council of Notary (CSN), France Every minute, around 300.000 tweets, 15 million texts, 20 million emails are sent around the world, ten hours of video are uploaded on YouTube and 250 Go of data are archived on Facebook servers. Consequently, thanks to the use of algorithms, new tools will make this service more and more efficient. This is one of the major challenges facing the French notary service. Recent history shows that the partnership between the professional and State land tenure services, which have worked together for more than 10 years, offers a good and reliable service to citizens, guaranteeing security and efficiency. Today’s digitalization of the procedures, such as dealing with land registry or client transactions related to the transfer of ownership, envisage a ‘paperless’ future. The dedicated and automated access to real estate files by the notaires in France is imminent.
Online portals support European Interconnection of Land Registers Dutch Cadastre, Land Registry and Mapping Agency (Kadaster), Netherlands, The The creation of a true single market and the free movement of capital is a great challenge to a united Europe. Cross border information on real estate that is easily accessible and online is a crucial pre-requisite to success. EULIS offersprofessional users a portal to meet this pre-requisite. Since the beginning of the EULIS initiative, the EU-Commission was a very important supporter of the basic concept of connecting national land registers to one European platform. In 2008 the e-Justice portal was launched, which provides direct access to legally oriented registers such as business registers, insolvency registers and others. In 2012 the Commission developed strong interest to integrate the EULIS portal in the e-Justice portal, thus giving direct access to the land registers of the member states via its own portal. The paper presents the technical details of the portal, the European interconnection project and a view on the future.
Lessons from Information Technology-based Land Governance Reforms in India Azim Premji University, India Nearly two decades of experiment with Information Technology-based solutions to the problems of land governance in India hold important lessons about requirements for scaling up of land governance reform projects from pilot stage. However, no systematic survey of the experience of the Indian States in IT-based land governance projects has been undertaken despite the policy and academic importance such an exercise. This paper seeks to address this gap by answering the question: what are the factors which have facilitated or constrained scaling up of important IT-based land governance reforms from the pilot stage across the Indian States. The paper draws on the extensive data available with the federal department of land resources under its ambitious Digital India Land Records Modernization Project (DILRMP) and also from vast secondary literature in the form of assessment of various pilot projects.
New Trends in Development of Land Tenure in Russia State University of Land Use Planning, Russian Federation The modern stage of Land Tenure development in Russia is featured by appearance of agricultural holding corporations and increasing size of private farms due to land consolidation. Development of Land Tenure in Russia is mostly depended on Regional Land Policies. One of the successful examples of them is the Republic of Kalmykia’s Land Policy. In the Republic of Kalmykia we can observe a unique trend, which is in the increase in the number of private farms and their average size. The following measures must be implemented to strengthen sustainability of Land Tenure development: land legislation must be improved both at federal and regional level; the institutional framework for implementation of “Land Lord-Tenant” system must be introduced; training programs related to Land Tenure development must be initiated; the pilot projects focused on Land Tenure development should be launched to make demonstration effect; Land Tenure development experience should be collected and disseminated.
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2:00pm - 3:30pm | 07-12: Urban Land Acquisition Session Chair: Bjoern Hoops, University of Groningen, Netherlands, The | |||||||||
MC C1-200 | ||||||||||
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Political and Economic Challenges for Land Owners and Families Surrounding the Port of La Union, El Salvador, Central America 1LAA GLOBAL, El Salvador; 2Korea-Vietnam Friendship Information Technology College, Vietnam; 3Real Estate Owner, El Salvador The Port of La Union in El Salvador, it is currently an unfinished mega investment, represents a thoughtful expression of steady development opportunities but also social issues. Before running a structural project such as a [Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)], the project implies an expanded analysis over the potential risk for land-owners who lacks pertinence to invest in the EEZ project. This research offers a deep insight and proposes a planning framework to balance two main issues, a) the Salvadoran governance & rule of the law, b) the tripartite relationship of government - wealthy people - landowners' inclusion - “less protected citizens”. The EEZ follows global sustainable development goals determined by the United Nations, helps tremendously to improve El Salvador’s economic growth, leverage well-being of local citizens and creates “safety” investments. However, it means evaluation over human rights among the said tripartite relationship to guarantee non-violation by abuse of power, commandeering or deceptive negotiations.
Understanding Land Acquisition in Urban Development Projects: Participation of Slum Dwellers Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT University), Ahmedabad, India With rising urbanization, cities have continuous need for numerous urban development projects and many a times land required for these projects call for acquisition. The study focused on understanding how the city government deals with slum dwellers during acquisition by taking two case studies varied in scale in the city of Ahmedabad, India. While one project acquired land impacting 10,040 slum households the other impacted 200. Development induced displacements through forced evictions and lack of participatory processes during these turn the clock back for these slum households and these are precisely the households that are the most vulnerable. The timeline assessment of projects and analysis lead to identification of various gaps in the process despite of existing laws and frameworks which illustrated lack of bare minimum sensitivity and complete negligence of the fact that these urban development projects can be multi-dimensional opportunities to cater to all sections of the society.
Land Governance & Infrastructure Development: Challenges in the Perspective of Land Acquisition and Resettlement. International Resettlement Consultant, Bahark-Eshkashim Road Project of the Ministry of Public Works, Asian Development Bank, Afghanistan Land governance & infrastructure development: Challenges in the perspective of Land Acquisition and Resettlement. Abstract: . Growing development planning in recent decades in the developing countries requires more lands for the construction of infrastructures under the different development projects. Infrastructure development is significantly required for the improvement of communication, urbanization and industrialization which have a multiple impacts on promoting social and economic mobilization in case of improving supplying chain management, importing-exporting agricultural products and commodities. Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, acquisition of private lands by the government for the development of infrastructures is a common scenario globally in which significant policy implications are incurred while imposing state’s laws and regulations on the land owners. Overpopulation with the urbanization creates scarcity of lands that keeps tremendous pressure on the land ownership pattern in result lands become significantly valuable asset in many countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan etc.
Understanding Local Governments’ Tactics To Guard Against Land-expropriation-related mass incidents (LERMIs) in China: A Case Study From Huizhou Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China, People's Republic of We intend to understand tactics adopted by China’s local governments to guard against land-expropriation-related mass incidents (LERMIs). We first illustrate the factual and institutional backgrounds, then, apply the value-added theory to recognize four factors that stimulate a LERMI, and on this basis, conceptualize local governments’ corresponding prevention tactics as enhancing trust, splitting group, easing discontent, and guiding elites. With the materials collected from a peaceful land expropriation case in Huizhou, a city in Southern China, we summarize key practices of the local government to guard against LERMIs as follows: integrating principles of both legal and reasonable in policymaking, promoting the compliance of land expropriation behavior, treating resolving contradictions as a priority, and motivating the participation of village committee and elites; and further answer why these practices are effective through integrating them with the conceptual tactics developed in the theoretical interpretative framework.
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3:30pm - 3:45pm | Coffee Break | |||||||||
Front Lobby | ||||||||||
3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-01: Data for Managing Urban Growth Session Chair: Sameh Naguib Wahba, World Bank, United States of America | |||||||||
Preston Auditorium | ||||||||||
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Capturing Urbanization and SDGs at the City Level by Combining Data Sources European Commission, Belgium To be filled
New Opportunities for Urban Land Governance by Exploiting Big Data from Earth Observation DLR, Germany Modern Earth Observation (EO) satellite missions provide valuable opportunities to address the information needs of land governance and land use planning by delivering dedicated data on the status and spatiotemporal development of the land surface – from global down to local scale, and from urban environments to rural settings. Nowadays, satellite missions such as the US Landsat program or the European fleet of Sentinel satellites collect terrabytes of high resolution imagery per day in a temporal and spatial coverage that opens up so far unprecedented possibilities for topographic mapping and environmental monitoring. But at the same time the analysis of this ‘big data from space’ requires new enabling technologies to effectively access, process, analyse and finally transform of the raw image data into ready-to-use thematic and actionable information for decision makers. Here, this contribution introduces latest developments and results of corresponding research activities at the German Aerospace Center (DLR).
Anatomy of Density: Towards an Evidence-Based Densification Strategy for Cities New York University, United States of America to be filled
Better Data for Informed Decisions in Cities World Bank, United States of America To be filled
Data Needs for Planning Urbanization in Colombia The National Planning Department, Colombia to be filled
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-02: Surveyors in Today's World: a Round Table Session Chair: Maurice Barbieri, CLGE (Council of European Geodetic Surveyors), Switzerland | |||||||||
MC 13-121 | ||||||||||
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Role of Surveyor in Implementing a Sustainable Fit- For-Purpose Land Administration Comité de Liaison des Géomètres Européens (CLGE), Belgium As land professionals, we believe that the idea of making "fast and cheap" lacks sustainability. To implement a Sustainable Fit- For-Purpose land administration, it is important to call-in specialists who have mastered the subject and who can demonstrate the effectiveness of the systems recommended by their experience. On this condition, participatory methods are quite conceivable and even desirable. Indeed, local owners are best placed to indicate the supposed position of their parcel boundaries Is There A Need for Reviewing Surveying Standards? RICS, United Kingdom The surveying standards are developed to ensure minimum requirements to secure legal rights and enable efficient and secure transfer and transaction of land and property rights. Land is an emotive and highly political issue that needs strong governance and an enforceable legal framework to inspire public and investor confidence. Our engagement in reviewing surveying standards is a way to ensure that technological, professional and practice changes are reflected within our legal system and for the benefit of the public.
Professionalizing the Sector: What Role for Professional Ethics and A Code of Conduct CLGE (Comité de Liaison des Géomètres Européens), Belgium The role of professional ethics is to promote and strengthen the ethical conduct of real estate practitioners for the benefit of clients, third parties and current and future stakeholders. Introducing and respecting a broadly accepted code of conduct is the best way to keep professionalism by self-regulation. New Ways for Training of Surveyors CLGE, Croatia The Bologna system has replaced the old university studies with a lot of optional and only a few obligatory matters. This makes the path to the profession of surveyor unclear. CPD, especially made through MOOCS are a good way to harmonize the knowledge end to ensure a minimal level to our professionals. Tomorrow’s Surveyors : Will New Data and Technologies Change the Demand for Surveyor Services CLGE (Council of European Geodetic Surveyors), Switzerland In the last 50 years, technology has driven societal changes that make us evolve. Our profession has to increase the adaptation speed and we are asked to act more and more as engineers, to show that our capacity to adapt is our most important quality.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-03: Improving Access to Land for Returnees and IDPs Session Chair: Joachim Knoth, European Commission, Belgium | |||||||||
MC 2-800 | ||||||||||
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Improving Access to State Land for Returnees and IDPs in Afghanistan 1UN-Habitat Afghanistan; 2United Nations Mission in South Sudan; 3CEO of Afghanistan Independent Land Authority (Arazi) This report focuses on a new legal framework recently developed in Afghanistan to allocate suitable state land to the displaced population. The finalisation, adoption, and implementation of this new legal framework is crucial to ensure that the most vulnerable and landless members of Afghanistan’s displaced population receive durable and sustainable land and housing options. This report provides an overview of Afghanistan’s previous land allocation framework and explains the events that led to the Government’s development of a new and improved framework. It also examines the procedure to assess and allocate land anticipated by the new framework and underscores important innovations. Finally, the report provides recommendations on how, once finalised and hopefully adopted, the Government could operationalise the legal framework to ensure that the carefully crafted provisions translate into actual assessments of suitable land and the allocation of land parcels to Afghanistan’s most vulnerable returnees and IDPs.
Preparing the ground for property restitution in the Syrian Arab Republic Norwegian Refugee Council, Syria Response Office Given the sheer scale of displacement and destruction, an eventual, sustainable return to Syria will only be possible if returnees are able to integrate at a location of their choice, where physical security, access to livelihoods and basic services have been restored and where, importantly, housing, land and property (HLP) restitution processes have been established. The millions who eventually choose to return will face housing shortages, disputes over ownership and usage rights, the emergence of conflicts related to a significant reduction in usable land and the lack of HLP documentation. Based on extensive research and interviews with over 2000 Syrian internally displaced people and refugees, this paper provides recommendations to policymakers and practitioners on how to prepare for the immense challenges that lie ahead. It explains the need for clear mechanisms for property restitution and compensation that include particular measures to support claims from displaced women.
Using Geospatial Data to Track Land Tenure Security in Syria The World Bank, United States of America Violent conflict often undermines land tenure security, especially for vulnerable persons such as the poor, women, displaced persons and minorities. Loss of tenure security in turn can translate into increased poverty and exclusion in post-conflict settings. The impact of conflict on land tenure security needs to be understood to develop effective transitional justice and post-conflict land administrative processes. Land tenure security in Syria has been impacted by forced displacement, destruction of property, confiscation of property and fraudulent land transfers. This paper uses geospatial data to analyze the channels through which land tenure security has been undermined during and after periods of conflict in Homs Governorate. The geospatial data utilized includes commercial optical and visible infrared (VIIRS) imagery, publicly available social media posts, YouTube videos and recorded statements. The data was then combined with administrative data to develop a Land Confiscation Risk Index for neighborhoods of the urban area of Homs.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-04: Improving Land Service Delivery in Africa IV Session Chair: Paul Tchawa, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon | |||||||||
MC 6-860 | ||||||||||
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Participation, Innovative Approaches and Customary Cadastres: A Practical VGI Experiment in Nanton, Ghana 1Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, The Netherlands; 2Swinburne Business School, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia The dearth of land information on customary lands limits the development and application of land consolidation. This paper presents and discusses the results of an experiment carried out to test the potential of participatory land administration applied on customary lands in support of land consolidation. The concept of Participatory Land Administration (PLA) which is developed in the context of the evolution of crowdsourced, volunteered, and participatory approaches provides new insights into neogeography and neocadastre, and fit-for-purpose and pro-poor land administration. The area of the experiment is in Northern Ghana where the local farming community was engaged to develop a process. The study involved collecting land information relating to farms over a two-week period, using a mobile app and an orthophoto, based on PLA. The results show that PLA can potentially support land consolidation, but further investigation is needed on how it can be integrated into the formal land registration system.
Low-Cost Land Information System for Sustainable Urban Development: Case Examples in Kenya and Zambia UN-Habitat/GLTN, Kenya Urbanization has been a global phenomenon and has significantly contributed to economic development. However, the rapid rate of urbanization is increasing the social, economic and environmental load of cities. As such, urban development is the current global priority but the biggest challenge is how to ensure that these urban areas develop in a sustainable manner. Ensuring sustainable urban development requires appropriate land information if relevant and good decisions are to be made by public authorities, private sector or community organizations. The paper highlights the changes in procedures, responsibilities and computing environment with a focus on achieving good land governance and efficient land services. The experiences in Kenya and Zambia provide key lessons for consideration in future projects for replication and scaling up and potentially, will inform other similar initiatives in other countries.
Assisted Community-Led Systematic Land Tenure Regularization 1EXI LDA, Mozambique; 2DINAT - National Directorate of Lands; 3Kadaster Mozambique has adopted the road of systematic land cadastre, which is the goal of Terra Segura Programme, to cover some 4 thousand communities and 5 million rural parcels, out of an total estimated universe of circa 12 million parcels and plots. The initial exercises to attend this massive registration, utilized traditional methods of land tenure regularization, which resulted in being either too expensive or time-consuming initiatives, with serious problems of data quality. New approaches were designed and tested to create an effective sustainable cadastre. To that effect, a scaling of previous tests was designed to be implemented in a cluster of 8 communities in on province with at least 5 thousand households. The end goal of this scaling up exercise was to learn and disseminate lessons in local capacity development, land registration based on community-based crowdsourcing, and improve the methodology and tools.
Innovations for Securing Land Rights in Customary Settings: Gender, Collective Action, and Role of Customary Authorities MINISTRY OF LANDS, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, Malawi ..
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-05: Can Community - Investor Negotiations be Fair? Session Chair: Rachael Knight, Namati, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 7-860 | ||||||||||
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Supporting Communities in Their Negotiations with Investors – A View from Sierra Leone 1Namati, Sierra Leone; 2Namati; 3CCSI There are many benefits and risks for local communities who enter into negotiations with investors seeking community lands and natural resources for an investment. Land-based investment projects can contribute to local development, but also come with risks: they can harm community members’ livelihoods, water access and cultural traditions, and threaten the health of the local environment. Communities who are supported by advocates or legal advisors may be better placed to address power imbalances between communities and large investors. Yet minimal attention has been paid to the capacity of communities to negotiate adequate agreements. Communities must be supported to be prepared for discussions with potential investors, decide whether or not to enter into negotiations with an investor or company; and, where relevant, negotiate an equitable, just agreement with the investor or company that more likely lead to community growth and prosperity.
Can Power and Resource Asymmetries be Addressed in Community-Investor Negotiations? 1Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment, United States of America; 2Namati, United States of America In the calls for responsible investment over the past decade, increasing attention has been placed on the need for greater benefit-sharing with project-affected communities, including through the use of direct agreements between the investor and affected communities or their members. While communities are increasingly asked to negotiate agreements directly with investors, the ensuing negotiations generally occur within a context of significant information and power asymmetries. Such imbalances in negotiating capacity have led to community-investor agreements that are underwhelming at best, unjust at worst. This paper aims to guide communities and their advocates in their interactions with investors. It covers how communities can prepare in advance for potential interactions with investors who come seeking to use community lands and natural resources, how they can decide whether to enter into negotiations with investors for use of their land, and, where relevant, how they can negotiate an agreement with an investor.
Considering Community-Investor Negotiations Through the Lens of Political Economy and Legal Empowerment IIED, United Kingdom Free, prior and informed consent and equitable partnerships with local communities are increasingly recognised as the foundations of any responsible natural resource-based investment. But community-investor negotiations tend to involve significant imbalances in negotiating power. Asymmetries in information, resources and influence, and time pressures affecting the negotiation process, can undermine the position of local communities as they define their preferred development pathways, exercise their rights and advance their priorities. Helping communities to harness the law, for example through greater awareness of their rights and of applicable law, or through support in negotiations, can help address these imbalances. But entrenched power relations at play both within and outside the community require granular analysis to inform the design and implementation of any support. This contribution will offer a few reflections based on insights from research and practice. Community-Investor Interactions and Agreements – Reflections from the Private Sector Perspective Illovo Sugar Africa Ltd, United Kingdom to be filled What Role for Government When Communities Enter Voluntarily Into Agreements with Investors? Ghana Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Ghana The assertion that, power tends to be concentrated and skewed in favor of Investors during negotiation for land acquisition is not in contention. This has been established and confirmed by many studies. There is therefore a search for solutions to curing this power imbalance. One question that is continuously asked by community members is " How can the power and information asymmetry be leveled to ensure that, contracts "we" negotiate are fair - so that communities, land and natural resource rights are protected?. This discussion seeks to address the issues around the following: 1. How communities can be prepared for empowered negotiation 2. How to ensure equal knowledge and understanding to maintain a balance throughout the negotiation process; 3. How to ensure that contracts drafted support the long term economic prosperity of communities 4. How government both local and national can support empowered investor-community negotiations to ensure fair and win-win outcome.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-06: New Approaches to Developing Agricultural Value Chains Session Chair: Dietmar Stoian, Bioversity International, France | |||||||||
MC 6-100 | ||||||||||
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Learning from Civil Society - Business Innovation Pilots for Governance of Agricultural Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa University of Greenwich, United Kingdom Given the role of private sector investment in agricultural transformation and concerns surrounding negative impacts of large-scale investments on customary land rights, some donor and civil society - private sector partnership initiatives seek to test how practical engagement by corporate business can leverage broader concerted action by governments to improve land rights protection and the environment for sustainable investment and economic development. This paper examines a set of localized, donor assisted civil society - business partnerships that test innovations in company practices, tools, and business models, and the lessons emerging to identify the value these potentially add to governance systems that are ultimately territorial jurisdictional responsibilities of states. It identifies available channels to connect the learning underway with broader improvements in company practice and national governments’ performance. In conclusion, some emerging implications and questions for policy and research to achieve sustainable improvements in land governance for economic development are identified.
Value Chain Development And Land Tenure Regularization In Mozambique. The Case Of Prosul, Linking Market To Land Tenure Secured Communities And Smallholder Farmers 1Agricultural Development Fund (FDA)/ Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MASA), Mozambique; 2International Agricultural Development Fund (IFAD) the paper that will be drafted for the 2018 Land & Poverty conference will pay specific attention to two key issues that the project believes are central to the land tenure security process in Mozambique. The first one is related to community participation, and to how this can be further promoted, guaranteed and strengthened. Across all project components and the three VCs, community consultations and community participation represent a key aspect to the sustainable maintenance of the agreed limits and boundaries. The second aspect is related to the targeting of women and youth, and their benefits from the land tenure regularization process in PROSUL, and moreover the effects this has had on their productivity and participation in the VCs.
Land markets as a new way of managing lands in Senegal River valley? 1CIRAD, France / UGB Saint Louis Sénégal; 2CIRAD, France / ISRA BAME Dakar In Senegal, The promotion of new models for land governance and tenure questions their concrete applications on the ground and their impacts on durability: What will be the social, economic and environmental impacts of these news projects? How to promote integrating different production systems, at least in a transition phase and how to promote inclusiveness for improved management of land and water? Interactions between stakeholders (farmers, breeders, investors) and their territories will be analyzed through a comprehensive study of the different forms of arrangements on land and water management, which will further be used to analyze social, economic and environmental impacts of the development of new projects. The study will analyze the functioning of informal land markets. It will aim at understanding the strategies of the various stakeholders (family farmers, agrobusiness, communities, etc.) in these markets, as well as the regulating rules.
Land and Tree Tenure Innovations for Financing Smallholder Cocoa Rehabilitation in Ghana 1USAID Tenure and Global Climate Change Program, Winrock International; 2USAID Tenure and Global Climate Change Program; 3USAID Tenure and Global Climate Change Program, Tetra Tech Over the past sixty years, cocoa has been a central element of Ghanaian economic and cultural life. As Ghana aims to maintain its market share, it is important to rehabilitate its aging farms. The private sector, through cocoa buying companies and international chocolate brands, is interested in supporting rehabilitation of cocoa farms, but faces constraints in reaching and providing finance. Based on initial research, land and tree tenure constraints are major barriers to cocoa farm rehabilitation financing, affecting a large percentage of poor farmers. Yet private companies have largely been unaware what they can do to reduce these constraints as influential but individual entities. USAID has partnered with the private sector to develop a financing model based on reducing risk through strengthening local land and resource tenure. This paper provides a synthesis of activities to integrate land and tree tenure into a financing model for smallholder cultivation of tree crop commodities.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-07: Native Title and Land Registration Session Chair: Camilla Toulmin, Lancaster University/IIED, United Kingdom | |||||||||
MC 7-100 | ||||||||||
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“Amazonas Dialog Forum”: Land Governance and Traditional Populations Rights in Brazilian Amazon Instituto Internacional de Educação do Brasil, Brazil The Brazilian Amazon still lack a defined property arrangement and land regularization which can guarantee traditional populations rights’ effectiveness and fulfillment. Insecurity in land tenure within Protected Areas affects communities development, constraining opportunities for income generation, access to public policies and deforestation. In response to this the "Amazonas Dialog Forum" was created in 2012 as a result of efforts channelized by three civil society organizations: Brazil’s International Education Institute (IEB), Land Pastoral Commission (CPT) and National Council for Extractive Populations (CNS). The objective is to promote land regularization in Protected Areas categorized as “Sustainable Use”, and to ensure traditional people´s social, economic and environmental rights, promoting their protagonism in the territorial planning agenda. Its approach is based on putting together national and state land agencies responsible for land regularization in Amazonas state, Brazil. Up to now, the “Forum” provided land documentation for around 1,468 families, regularizing approximately 2,3 million hectares.
Property Rights in Indigenous Communities in Canada: Factors Affecting Leasehold and Certificate of Possession Values Natural Resources Canada The leasehold market in Indigenous communities in Canada is bifurcated. It produces values at the level of comparable non-Indigenous communities (across 40% of the sample); it also produces significant discounts at the level noted by the courts (across 60% of the sample). For Certificates of Possession, the evidence is clearer: A market constrained by legislation and by community-preferences means that market values are discounted by some 88%. This research marks the first step; small sample sizes preclude further speculation. Suffice to say that the inconclusive results across the factors illustrates the variability and unpredictability of land/property markets in Indigenous communities, the effect of property rights, and the difficulty in measuring institutional costs and benefits. The findings should spur discussion and research into the viability of existing land tenure/land registration systems in Indigenous communities in Canada, as well as research into factors that affect market values.
Treaties and Land Governance - Whose Land is it Anyway? National Native Title Tribunal, Australia Widespread conflict over access to land followed the failure to recognize the existence of Indigenous land owners when Australia was first settled. The fiction of ‘terra nullius’ and the legal assumption that the "waste lands" of the Australian colonies were exclusively possessed by the Crown was not set aside until 1992 by the High Court. The statutory scheme established in 1994 to recognise and protect native title encourages flexible agreement making about the use of land but the deeply ingrained view of some non-Indigenous Australians that Indigenous land rights are less meaningful than other forms of land tenure leads to poor land governance and is an underlying cause of conflict. Australian First Nations are now calling for meaningful recognition through a "Makarrata" or treaty like process. This will allow land governance processes to be established which reconcile all land interests and reduce the potential for conflict.
Democracy & Communities: Catching Up with Changing Community Land Governance Around the World independent, Kenya Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 aim to see a rise in inclusive and accountable governance in most sectors. This paper examines where community-based land governance is going in the early 21st century. A sample from ten to 100 countries is used for different aspects of the research. The key hypotheses tested are: (a) that community based land governance is increasingly acknowledged as a sound direction for rural land governance to take, as testified by rising national law provision for this; and (b) that, despite the above, traditional chief-led decision-making, on the one hand, and state reluctance to surrender formalization powers, on the other, impede this trend. It is further hypothesised that this reflects conflicted ideologies towards democratic devolution and the accelerated interest of state parties in retaining controlling interests over untitled lands.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-08: Land Valuation to Improve Tax Collection: Case Studies Session Chair: Richard Grover, Oxford Brookes University, United Kingdom | |||||||||
MC 8-100 | ||||||||||
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The Advantages of a Mixed System of Property Taxation Netherlands Council for Real Estate Assessment, Netherlands, The When a property tax system is introduced, a tax basis must be selected. Two commonly used bases for such a tax are the value of a property and the size of a property. Depending on local circumstances, policymakers should take into account the different pros and cons of different tax bases. In the Netherlands different layers of government make use of the data available in the base registers, including data on area and data on value of properties, to levy both ad valorem taxes and area-based taxes. Based on the experiences from the Netherlands we answer the question how a “mixed system” in which the two types of property tax are combined to enhance both equity an efficiency.
Innovative Approaches In Preparation For Mass Valuation In Serbia 1Republic Geodetic Authority of Serbia, Serbia; 2Food and Agriculture Organization of UN; 3Oxford Brookes University, UK In August of 2017 Public debt of Serbia in amounted to EUR 23.8 billion, or 64.6% of GDP. Improving the yield from property taxation could reduce the fiscal deficit. If a value-based property tax is to be established on a sustainable basis, certain preconditions need to be met: • A comprehensive record of taxable objects. • An accurate source of transaction price data for modelling property values - sales prices and rents. • A valuation infrastructure. Serbia is addressing these problems and the paper will describe how this is being done and the results to date: • The development of a comprehensive inventory of buildings and real estate objects from satellite images. • Sales Price Register. • The Valuation Law and how it will produce a valuation profession. Serbia will try in cooperation with FAO, the private sector and academic partners to involve crowdsourcing concept and innovative technology in work.
Piloting Innovative Approaches to Valuing Commercial Property for Taxation Purposes: Occupier Assisted Valuations 1Valuation Office, Ireland; 2World Bank, United States of America An important objective of the Valuation Office of Ireland is to accelerate the delivery of its national property valuation program. This required the adoption of new innovative processes and procedures and which have now been introduced through the enactment of new legislation. The June 2015 Valuation (Amendment) Act introduced an innovative approach that can help speed up the revaluation process: Occupier-Assisted Valuations (OAVs). The new OAV provisions provide for elements of self-assessment by occupiers in the valuation for rating purposes of commercial and industrial property. This paper describes the OAV pilot process and its challenges, while drawing lessons for other countries also looking to conduct revaluations.
Separate Land and Building Valuation Systems for Taxation? 1The World Bank, United States of America; 2Aalto University, Finland This paper discusses the common historical approach of valuing land and buildings separately for property taxes, and the parallel of taxing land and buildings separately. The paper explains rationale for dual valuation systems and dual taxes with the known benefits and challenges. Comparison is made between the historical case of the State of Indiana in the United States, the on-going property taxation reform in Finland and two other samples where the unification of land and building valuation and taxation have been considered. The paper raises several issues with the equality and accuracy of the property taxes stemming from the dualism in valuation, which are severed by urbanization, and seeks explanation to why the problems are often tolerated despite the challenges. The article’s conclusions will contribute to the global trend of enhancing property taxation for better local services, and recommend ways towards modern, equitable, value based property taxes.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-09: Comparing Approaches to Securing Forest Tenure Session Chair: Gerardo Segura Warnholtz, World Bank, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 9-100 | ||||||||||
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Governing the Commons – Jointly Owned Forest as a Solution 1National Land Survey of Finland; 2Department of Built Environment, Aalto University School of Engineering, Finland Governing the Commons–Jointly Owned Forest as Solution Today, approximately 60% of Finnish forests are private. Owners are partially unable of managing their forests. Forests also have significant effects on the climate. On the one hand, forests contribute to half of Finland's total pollutant emis-sions. On the other hand, active forest management and use maintain their ability to bind carbon dioxide as fossil fuels and other non-renewable materials are replaced by renewable sources. The article contains an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the jointly owned forest system. There is an example of the foundation of a jointly owned forest in conjunction with a forest land reallotment. The aim is increasing the understanding of jointly owned forests as a form of ownership and thus to provide others with ideas on how to develop their own sys-tems with the assistance of similar instruments.
Social Differentiation In Collective Tenure Regimes: Women Rights And Forest Tenure Reforms CIFOR This article analyses how gender and social inclusion have been addressed in the drafting of different types of reforms in Indonesia, Uganda and Peru. Reform types include social forestry schemes in Indonesia, community based and collaborative management in Uganda and indigenous titling in Peru. Results focus on two aspects. First, we analyzed to which extent the design of laws and policies behind reform processes have incorporated gender considerations in the drafting of implementation provisions. Second we analyzed the local regulations including existing customary arrangements around reform processes to assess how these affect women and men in terms of access and control of resources. Research is based on extensive research on forest tenure reforms. Information was collected for 54 sites across five different tenure regime types. At the community level, key information interviews (133) and focus group discussions (162) provided information of the origins and nature of reform outcomes.
Understanding the Emerging Dynamics in Forest Governance in Ethiopia The World Bank Group The Chilimo community forest is one of the few remnants of a dry, mountainous forest that once covered Ethiopia’s Central Plateau and prioritized for PFM in the mid 1990s. This paper presents forest governance in Ethiopia with Chilimo as a show case. While forest governance is a broad term, embracing a varied set of actors and factors with complex interrelations the study focuses on what institutional factors contribute to more secure forest tenure as one dimension of forest governance? And how people acted in relation to the newly introduced institutional arrangement and how they situated themselves in the unfolding practices. To illustrate these phenomena, we assess a range of actors that shape decisions about how forests are managed and used. By narrating the rules that affect forest tenure rights, it discusses how actors develop and apply rules to drive practices at an operational level and its implications to sustainability.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-10: Economic Benefits from Land Administration Reform Session Chair: Michael Graglia, New America, United States of America | |||||||||
MC 10-100 | ||||||||||
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Agency for Real Estate Cadastre of Republic of Macedonia - Before and after the reforms, lessons learned, business orientation Agency for Real Estate Cadastre, Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of The Government of RM has identified AREC, as a significant part in the governmental overall program as a catalyst to transition to a market economy and to support private investment and business creation. The number of days to record the purchase or sale of property or mortgages dropped from 30 days in 2005 to just one day. AREC is widely recognized as a valuable asset for the real estate market growth, demonstrated by the increase not just in the number of transactions but also in the number of mortgages, both of which grew exponentially: the number of property transactions more than tripled, while the number of mortgages more than quintupled. Increased numbers of foreign and domestic investments, such as Greenfield investments, have a direct influence on the Government Development Agenda, improvement of the economic growth and competitiveness on a permanent basis, higher employment, higher living standards and quality of life.
Improving Land Administration – Strategical Outlook Evro-PF, Slovenia In many countries around the world, the trend of building and maintaining efficient land administration and spatial data infrastructures has expanded rapidly in the last couple of decades. Efficient land administration depends on the efficient response of land administration organizations, transparent procedures and information technologies supporting the keeping, maintaining, archiving, and disseminating of data and information. Three different land administration systems (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia) in Central and Southeastern Europe are briefly presented, together with strategical orientation to execute the primary function of efficient land administration as well as to deal with challenges and changes. All three of these counties have made remarkable progress towards meeting the national and citizens’ needs and requirements, which in the long term will be demonstrated by achieving sustainable land administration development.
Finding Common Ground 1Kadaster, Netherlands, The; 2ATR/BPN Indonesia Indonesia has the ambition to register all individual landrights by 2025. The estimated number of individual parcels is around 110 million. The organisation tasked with this effort is ATR/BPN, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Development. ATR/BPN has adopted a multipath strategy to face this challenge. They strengthen and enhance the internal and external surveying capacity, diversify registration qualities to suit specific land administration purposes and seek a collaborative approach to land registration. The partners in this approach will come from ATR/BPN, Kadaster, civil society, private sector innovators and rural communities. Two pilots will be organised to validate the effects of the approach amongst rural communities with varying attitudes towards land registration. Within these pilots, a Fit For Purpose approach to land administration will be implemented balancing cost, time and quality factors with the actual land administration purposes to be served.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-11: Strengthening Spatial Aspects of Land Administration Session Chair: Roland Klaus, GIS/transport, Nigeria | |||||||||
MC C1-100 | ||||||||||
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UNECE/FIG Guidelines for Formalization of Informal Real Estate within Europe FIG, Greece The new UNECE/FIG publication on Guidelines about how to structure a fit-for-purpose strategy to formalize informal real estate and how to integrate such real estate into a country’s national economy fast, affordably and reliably is presented. The Guidelines include: definition of term “informal real estate”; an analysis of the purpose of formalization; explanation why countries may need a technical Guideline for that; policy issues, e.g., why a Fit-For-Purpose Formalization may need to go beyond the existing scientific, engineering and planning practice; how governments should address the challenges related to funding, structural stability, environmental and ethical issues, and a possible hostile reaction against formalization; strategy issues, such as how to engage society to support the projects, and advice on how to build the framework for formalization and how to prioritize actions, as well as on how to implement and monitor formalization, including technical and legal aspects and key-issues about demolitions.
Real Estate Registration Project Republic Geodetic Authority Republic Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina The Real Estate Registration Project (RERP) is financed by World Bank loan. The project implementation period is 2013-2020. Basic goals and expected effects of the Project in the Republic of Srpska: • Establishment of a Real Estate Cadastre as a unique record of real property and rights on them in the territory of 190 cadastral municipalities, • Ensuring conditions for positioning in the new coordinate reference system for the area of the Republic of Srpska (ETRS89), which will significantly facilitate the application of modern (GPS) measurement technologies and provide greater accuracy and reliability of positioning data in space, • Establishment of reliable and accurate real estate records for the benefit of all citizens of the Republic of Srpska and other interested natural and legal persons, • the development of e-services will enable interested individuals and legal entities to quickly obtain information about the real estate that they need,
IMPROVEMENT of cadastral maps in CROATIA 1GEO-GAUSS d.o.o., Croatia; 2State geodetic administration, Croatia Cadastral maps originated from the 19th century are made by the graphing method and are far less accurate than required today, but these are still in official use on the 70% of the territory of the Republic of Croatia. By overlapping such cadastral plans with the actual situation we come to the problem, because larger or smaller position misalignments exist. About the homogenization as a method of cadastral maps of graphic survey improvement in the Republic of Croatia several projects and studies has been conducted, a lot of expert papers were published, but the implementation of the improvement has not yet occurred. In this project based on the analyses carried out, it was necessary to fulfil the existing methodology and create needed technical solutions. The results of new approach are much better and they are strong reason to begin the implementation of the homogenization process as a systematic process.
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3:45pm - 5:15pm | 08-12: Turning Legal Principles for Expropriation into Practice Session Chair: Tim Hanstad, Landesa, United States of America | |||||||||
MC C1-200 | ||||||||||
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Challenges and Opportunities for the Formalization of Uncompensated Expropriated Private Lands in the Dominican Republic The Land Alliance, United States of America The paper presents the challenges and possible opportunities to resolve an intractable issue plaguing both land tenure security and social equity in the Dominican Republic – a remnant of the agrarian reform process and in particular a result of uncompensated expropriations of private lands. The Dominican legal framework combined with a vigorous and politicized policy of massive expropriation without payment of just compensation and the subsequent distribution of the expropriated land to small farmers without providing proper title. Since compensation has not been paid, the expropriated owner remains on the land registry causing what is essentially a situation of ‘government imposed reciprocal tenure insecurity’. This is a significant ‘lose-lose’ situation that requires a combination of innovative public policy and private sector willingness and organization to formalize property rights. The paper describes possible solutions and recent efforts by Land Alliance to promote these solutions to Dominican government authorities and civil society organizations.
High-level Requirements for a Land Acquisition and Resettlement Tool for Planning, Design, and Implementation of Resettlement Process for Infrastructure and Other Public-interest Projects. 1World Bank; 2National Center of State Cadastres, Geodesy and Cartography, Uzbekistan; 3Independant Consultant Currently, more than forty percent of the projects funded by international donors, require some form of resettlement or relocation of population to free land to realize infrastructures and other improvements of public interest. This paper will highlight a minimum set of national policies necessary for compliance with majority of social and environmental safeguards procedures required by international donors, will then transcript it into a sequence of business rules to be followed and to be implemented within a land acquisition and resettlement tool/module and will list a set of high-level requirements for such a tool based on comparative studies of resettlement practices in several countries in Central Asia and more specifically in Uzbekistan. In the view of the authors of this article, an incorporation of resettlement module within fully functional Land Information System with spatial capabilities can significantly facilitate resettlement process in preparatory and implementation phases.
Compulsory Acquisition of Land: the Need For Robust Governance to Deliver Public Interest Projects Through Land Assembly Land and Equity Movement in Uganda - LEMU, United Kingdom There are two separate dimensions of fairness to consider whenever land is compulsorily acquired. These are: the basis for which the land is acquired, and the means by which those affected are compensated. This paper considers these two matters in the Ugandan context, and in particular, with reference to the customary tenure system, as the dominant system (by land mass) in Uganda. The paper reviews whether the legislative and governance framework for compulsory acquisition in its current form can guarantee the fair acquisition of land for realizing infrastructure and public goods in Uganda. This is of particular relevance as the Ugandan parliament considers potential amendments to the constitutional principles of land acquisition.
Legal Limits On Government Authority To Expropriate Land Land Portal, Netherlands, The In this paper, the laws of 50 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America area reviewed to determine whether they comply with international standards on expropriation as established in the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure (VGGT). For each of the countries assessed, a score of “yes” or “no” for nine indicator questions. Partial” is an answer option where laws only partially satisfy the question asked by the indicator. By assessing the laws in 50 countries and answering these indicator questions, this paper intends to establish a benchmark for progress that can be used by governments, NGOs, civil society, and activities to monitor progress on the adoption of Section principles established in the VGGT. This paper will also present a set of evidence-based recommendations for reforming laws so that they appropriately limit government expropriation power and protect the tenure rights and livelihoods of populations within these countries.
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5:30pm - 8:00pm | 00-20: Celebrating the Day of the Surveyor By invitation only. Please contact GlobalSurveyorsDay@clge.eu | |||||||||
MC 13-121 Lounge | ||||||||||
7:00pm | Poster Board 02-01 | |||||||||
MC Atrium | ||||||||||
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The Social and Economic Impacts of the Lekki Free Trade Zone Expropriation on Affected Communities in Lagos, Nigeria 1Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria, Nigeria; 2Faculty of Law, University of Groningen, Netherlands; 3Department of Economics, University of Reading, UK; 4GeoPlans Systems International Company Ltd, Nigeria; 5Department of Geogra |