Circularity in the electronics sector is increasingly required to address the environmental and regulatory challenges associated with conventional Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs); however, their industrial and economic feasibility remains insufficiently documented. This paper presents a comparative business-case analysis of circular printed-electronics solutions across different application domains. Several representative use cases, such as lighting, wearable systems, medical devices, smart packaging, and recycling process, are analysed using consistent cost, volume, and revenue considerations. Results show that circular electronics can achieve economic performance comparable to traditional solutions, particularly when production volumes increase and material recovery strategies are implemented. By consolidating quantitative business-plan results across diverse sectors, this paper provides evidence that circular printed electronics are not limited to niche applications but represent a viable pathway toward sustainable, scalable electronics manufacturing. The findings contribute practical insights for industry, researchers, and policymakers seeking to bridge the gap between circular-economy concepts and the market.

The paper examines how software entrepreneurs utilize business modeling frameworks in practice through a qualitative survey of software founders across various com pany stages followed by interviews. Although business mod eling frameworks are widely used, the outcome of the study indicates significant gaps between the theoretical design of these frameworks and the practical needs and implementation of entrepreneurs. According to the study, software founders predominantly use frameworks during early stages, with Lean Canvas and Value Proposition Canvas receiving the highest perceived usefulness ratings. However, entrepreneurs modify or combine existing frameworks, indicating substantial limitations in off-the-shelf solutions. The frameworks function primarily as ”training wheels” for entrepreneurial thinking rather than ongoing strategic management instruments. Entrepreneurs even tually develop internalized business model logic, evolving from framework dependency to entrepreneurial intuition. The findings challenge conventional assumptions about framework utility and suggest the need for more adaptive tools that accommodate the iterative nature of business model strategy development. Envisioned as an exploratory study, the research contributes to by highlighting how entrepreneurs naturally transcend standardized frameworks, developing customized approaches that better reflect the complexity and dynamism of modern software ventures. This paradox suggests that the very characteristic that makes frame works accessible (simplification) becomes their greatest limitation in practice. While initially positioned as an exploratory inquiry, the relevance and significance of the findings indicate that this phenomenon is both widespread and consequential, meriting further, more comprehensive research to fully understand its implications for both theory and practice

This paper presents the RENEW-ISSA framework, a decision-support tool designed for the mid-term evaluation of sustainable energy pilot projects in South African informal settlements. The framework comprises five modules assessing specific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) across socio-political, financial, technical, operational, and environmental dimensions. Validated by subject matter experts, the framework utilizes Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and risk assessment methodologies to guide stakeholders in determining whether to scale, modify, or terminate a project.

Entrepreneurial leadership (EL) has emerged as a key mechanism enabling opportunity recognition, innovation, and organizational adaptation under highly uncertain and complex economic conditions. While prior research predominantly focuses on outcomes of EL and follower responses, comparatively little attention has been paid to the individual‑level antecedents that enable leaders to enact EL in the first place. This paper addresses this gap by systematically reviewing and synthesizing research on personality traits and motivation as leader‑side antecedents of EL. Drawing on a systematic literature review the paper integrates fragmented evidence into a coherent conceptual framework. Findings indicate that EL is grounded in specific dispositional tendencies, particularly conscientiousness, emotional stability, and opportunity‑oriented traits, while motivation functions as a dynamic activation mechanism that translates individual capacity into leadership behavior. Intrinsic motivation, self‑efficacy, achievement orientation, and necessity‑based drivers emerge as central motivational forces shaping EL across contexts. By integrating personality and motivation, this paper advances understanding of EL as a human capability critical to innovation, intrapreneurship, and leadership in complex socio‑technical systems. The findings offer valuable implications for leadership development and capability building in engineering‑intensive and innovation‑driven organizations.