Conference Agenda

Purpose: This review examines how inequitable access to urban green spaces (UGSs) in the Global South shapes physical activity and related physical, mental and social behaviours, while comparing evidence from the Global North. The main inequalities derive from socioeconomic conditions, infrastructure, and cultural or gender-based limitations, which together restrict access for diverse populations.

Methods: A narrative review of the published literature in PubMed and Web of Science was conducted to examine inequalities in access to UGS, gendered barriers, social determinants, and associated health outcomes. These inequalities were reviewed with attention to low-middle-income settings.

Results: The evidence shows that UGSs are more common and better maintained in wealthier, less populated neighbourhoods. Conversely, lower socioeconomic areas often lack such access. Gender-based inequalities, especially in low-income communities, further restrict women's use of these spaces due to fear, safety concerns, and cultural expectations around public behaviour. Inadequate infrastructure—such as insufficient seating, poor lighting, or broken walkways—also discourages use among adults and children. These multifaceted barriers restrict opportunities for physical activity and are linked to poorer mental health, lower community engagement, and adverse physical health outcomes. There is limited research on these factors in the Global South, particularly gendered dimensions, making it challenging to understand the bio-psychosocial effects of these inequalities on health.

Conclusions: Inclusive safety and use of UGSs may promote healthful physical activity and improve health outcomes. The Global South requires context-sensitive research and assessment tools to provide a comprehensive understanding of health and to inform policy.