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Park-Based Physical Activity in Older Adults: Benefits and Potential Risks - Insights from the “Open Spaces and Closed Years” Project
Damir Sekulic1,2, Dusko Bjelica1, Natasa Zenic2
1: Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro; 2: University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
Population aging represents major demographic challenge, increasing the need for accessible and effective strategies that promote physical-activity (PA) among older adults. Public parks represent an increasingly recognized setting for promoting active aging because they provide free, accessible, and socially supportive environments for PA. The project “Open Spaces and Closed Years: Transformational Potentials of Natural Environments and Combined Physical Activity in Older Women” aims to develop and evaluate a multicomponent exercise program implemented in public parks for women aged 60 years and older. The program includes aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility exercises and is designed as a non-formal and free activity. Participants are randomized into experimental and control groups, with functional and health-related outcomes assessed before and after each intervention cycle during a four-year study period (2025–2028). Park-based exercise programs offer several benefits. Outdoor environments may enhance motivation and adherence to PA, support mental well-being through exposure to natural surroundings, and encourage social interaction. Importantly, public parks reduce common barriers to participation such as cost and limited access to facilities. However, certain risks should be considered. Environmental conditions (e.g., uneven terrain, weather variability) and inadequate infrastructure may increase the risk of falls or injuries. These risks can be minimized through appropriate exercise selection, supervision, and safe park design. Public parks represent a promising and scalable setting for promoting PA and supporting healthy aging among older populations. The findings from the project may contribute to developing guidelines for future community-based exercise interventions.
