Conference Agenda

Neighbourhood environmental characteristics play a critical role in shaping health behaviors and well-being, yet empirical evidence within the context of Saudi Arabian youth remains limited. This study aimed to examine the association between neighbourhood environmental attributes and health risk factors among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.

A total of 335 secondary school students (175 males and 160 females), aged 15–19 years, were recruited. Anthropometric assessments included body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, while physical activity was objectively measured using pedometers to record daily step counts. Perceptions of the neighbourhood environment were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Environment Module (IPAQ-E).

Significant differences were observed among youth residing in urban, rural farm, and rural desert settings with respect to BMI, waist circumference, daily physical activity, accessibility, infrastructure, social environment, household vehicle ownership, perceived safety, and access to recreational facilities (p < 0.001). Adolescents in rural desert areas demonstrated lower levels of physical activity and higher BMI values compared with those in other settings. Gender-based differences were identified in perceptions of the social environment, with males reporting greater neighbourhood social engagement than females. Furthermore, negative associations were found between daily step counts and perceived neighbourhood safety as well as crime rates.

These findings indicate that geographical context, cultural norms, and environmental accessibility substantially influence physical activity participation and weight status among Saudi youth. Environmental factors such as residential density, safety, transportation availability, and social surroundings appear to be particularly influential.