Existence of drops and bubbles in turbulence is granted by their interfaces, a tiny transition layer, a macroscopic perception of molecular properties. Interfaces play a pivotal role across a spectrum of environmental and industrial processes, since it is across interfaces that momentum, heat and mass transfer fluxes occur. A quintessential example is the daily exchange of CO2 at the ocean-atmosphere interface, a phenomenon intricately linked to the size distribution of bubbles and drops and the transfer coefficient across the interface.

In this talk, we will give an historical perspective of the problem and we will briefly review the modelling and computational methodologies suitable to to track interfaces.We will focus on the phase-field approach and we will present flow instances and phenomena in which surface tension, density and viscosity are varied. Emphasis will be placed on unraveling the intricate interplay between interfaces and turbulence, also covering the role of surfactants in modulating topological changes of drops (breakage and coalescence). Furthermore, we will examine the dynamics of heat and species transfer between dispersed and continuous phases, elucidating the role of fluid transfer properties in governing these processes.