Conference Agenda

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Session Overview
Session
25 SES 12 A: A Theoretical Framework for Designing Research, Pedagogies and Environments to Promote Children's Voice
Time:
Thursday, 24/Aug/2023:
3:30pm - 5:00pm

Session Chair: Kate Wall
Location: Adam Smith, 706 [Floor 7]

Capacity: 30 persons

Research Workshop

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Presentations
25. Research on Children's Rights in Education
Research Workshop

A Theoretical Framework For Designing Research, Pedadogies And Environments To Promote Children’s Voice

Kate Wall1, Elaine Hall2, Carol Robinson3, Mhairi Beaton4, Claire Cassidy1

1University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom; 2Northumbria University; 3Edge Hill University; 4Leeds Beckett University

Presenting Author: Wall, Kate; Hall, Elaine

This is an interactive research workshop to support colleagues who are committed to promoting children’s voice in research, in their pedagogic practices and in the learning environments co-created in communities. It is a complementary part of our participation in the conference, together with our paper presentation (Cassidy, Beaton et al) reflecting our dialogic and participatory intent. Drawing on our previous work addressing the lacuna of work around implementing Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC: UN 1989) with children under seven, the Look Who’s Talking Project published eight factors for voice with young children (Wall et al. 2019; Arnott and Wall, 2022): Definition, Power, Inclusivity, Listening, Space and Time, Approaches, Processes and Purposes. We assert that for children’s talk to be encouraged, adults have to be engaged in talk too and so these factors have been presented along with a set of provocation style questions. We propose that by outlining factors and posing questions in this way we are providing the foundation for translating the recommendations of the UNCRC Article 12 (UN 1989), with respect to the right to voice, into practice for young children.

We have proposed that these eight factors should work in harmony to prompt reflective and strategic thinking for all those who work with and for children. Such work, we assert, should be undertaken in such a way as to ensure that the dialogue is ongoing and adapting to the children’s and adults’ growing competence and confidence. The elicitation of voice, therefore, requires a dialogue that is receptive to the contexts and individuals involved; this dialogue obviously should include children. The dialogue ought to involve people interacting with one another, but also with the concepts featured in the eight factors. While each factor may be considered individually, it is also important that they are treated as interconnected and interdependent. For example, listening is vital in eliciting voice, and action will not be meaningful if due thought and dialogue does not take place in relation to defining voice itself or if there is no commitment to time and space for voice in practice.

Our ethos is towards a culture of collaboration and voice, and the intent of this work is to establish a space where knowledge exchange is multi-directional as we share the factors, but also value, learn and build from existing practices. Building on an interactive workshop at ECEERA (Arnott et al. 2017), this workshop will use dialogic methods to co-construct the understanding of underpinning factors and key research questions in children’s voice. Here, we will firstly present for exploration and interrogation the eight voice factors and the questions they evoke; participants will then explore the utility and priority of the eight factors for their work and contexts; finally, we will introduce the Web – our current dynamic iteration of the visual framework of the 8 factors to explore and interrogate practice. The Web provides a metaphor which can be used to facilitate professional reflection on the development of voice practice by either an individual or a group of practitioners. Key to the purpose of the metaphor of the web is that the agency lies with the individual or group of practitioners who themselves determine priorities and the modes (threads) by which the eight factors are linked together so that voice is promoted multi-modally.


Methodology, Methods, Research Instruments or Sources Used
This workshop aims to create a space for dialogue about eliciting voice with children from birth to seven through the lens of our eight factors. We propose a range of activities to share experiences, reflections and potential actions based on their application individually or in combination.
 In Activity 1 we will (re)introduce the 8 factors and key research questions associated with each one. Participants will use focused questioning in groups of three (each taking, in turn, the role of questioner, respondent, note-taker) to engage with the clarity of each of the factors, the perceived utility of their associated questions, to produce rankings and offer amendments and expansions.  
From this initial sense-checking, in Activity 2 we will unpack the complexity of multiple factors as participants use visually mediated ranking activities (Hall and Wall, 2016) to explore whether the conception of the factors in their context forms more hierarchical or more diffuse structures.  This activity will provide context for the participants and challenge for presenters as we move to the introduction of our new conceptual instrument, the Web.
In Activity 3 we consider the reality of research and pedagogic practice and offer the Web as a visual representation of voice practice as a pedagogical practice. The web may be used to illustrate an individual practitioner’s voice practice within her individual context, a wider school context or indeed a policy-wide context.  It contains the eight factors within a framework of structural anchor points (policy, context, community) and positions the actor as a spider with agency to traverse, engage with and amend the web.  Participants will sketch and amend basic web structures and construct explanatory narratives for their colleagues in small groups.
Images will be taken by the workshop facilitators of the rankings and new questions generated in Activity 1, of the visual organisation hierarchies in Activity 2 and of the webs in Activity 3.  This co-constructed data will be used to refine the theoretical development of the Web.

Conclusions, Expected Outcomes or Findings
Through this workshop we hope to suggest that adults should not be afraid to shape the agenda by adopting an enquiring stance towards the eight factors and their application across different contexts. We are equally interested in sharing our factors for voice as we are in codifying them with the experiences and practices of attendees. The dialogue and associated reflection aims to give careful consideration to the implications of attendees intentions, actions and the context in which they and the children are situated. This requires not only a commitment to the voices of children, but to voices among adults, paying deliberate attention to their own voices as professionals. In effect, we would advocate that the approach proposed here for working with children is also adopted by the adults working around them.  The eight factors, though generated for use in eliciting young children’s voices, work well in other circumstances where voice is to be supported. We see a mutually reinforcing and beneficial process, whereby the children and adults model different facets of voice, learning from each other and building understanding about what is encompassed by each of these factors within their context.
References
Arnott, L. and Wall, K. (Eds.) (2022) The Theory and Practice of Voice I Early Childhood: An international exploration, London: Routledge
Arnott, L., Mallika, K. and Wall, K., (2017) Look Who’s Talking: Eliciting the voices of children from birth to eight. Symposium at EECERA, Bologna, Italy
 Cassidy, C., Wall, K., Robinson, C., Hall, E., Beaton, M., Arnott, L. and Hall, E. (2022) Bridging the theory and practice of eliciting the voices of young children: findings from the Look Who’s Talking Project, European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, Special Issue on Stimulating Children's Views, Volume 30 Issue 1, Feb 2022
Hall, E and Wall, K (2016) The Abductive Leap: eliding visual and participatory in research design in Pini, B and Moss, J (Eds.) Visual Educational Research: Critical Perspectives  London: Palgrave ISBN 978-1-137-44734-0
Hall, E., and Wall, K. (2019) Research Methods for Understanding Practitioner Learning. London: Bloomsbury
United Nations (1989) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Geneva: United Nations.
Wall, K., Arnott, L, Cassidy, C., Beaton, M., Christensen, P., Dockett, S., Hall, E., I’Anson, J., Kanyal, M., McKernan, G., Pramling, I. and Robinson, C. (2017) Look Who’s Talking: Eliciting the voices of children from birth to seven International Journal of Student Voice 2(1). https://ijsv.psu.edu
Wall, K., Arnott, L. and Hall, E. (2021) Practitioner Enquiry: a reflexive research method for playful pedagogy in Arnott, L. and Wall, K. (Eds) Research through Play: Participatory methods in early childhood. London: Sage.
Wall, K., Cassidy, C., Robinson, C., Hall, E., Beaton, M., Arnott, L. and Hall, E. (2022) Considering Space and Time: Power Dynamics and Relationships Between Children and Adults in Brasof, M. and Levitan, J. (Eds.) Designing Space and Using Time That Considers the Power Dynamics and Relationship Between Youth and Adults Teachers College Press


 
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